IGNOU BSOC 104 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23, IGNOU BSOC 104 SOCIOLOGY OF INDIA- II Free Solved Assignment 2022-23 If you are interested in pursuing a course in radio production and direction, IGNOU BSOC 104 can be an excellent choice. In this article, we will take a closer look at what IGNOU BSOC 104 is all about and what you can expect to learn from this course.

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IGNOU BSOC 104 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23 is a course offered by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) under the School of Journalism and New Media Studies. As the name suggests, it is a course on “Production and Direction for Radio.” The course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of radio production and direction and covers various topics related to this field. IGNOU BSOC 104 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23

IGNOU BSOC 104 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23

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Assignment I

Q1. Describe the tradition of plurality and the culture of accommodation in Indian society.

India is a diverse country with a long history of pluralism and cultural accommodation. The tradition of plurality in Indian society refers to the coexistence of multiple religions, languages, and cultures within the same society. India is home to many different religions, including Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism, among others. Each of these religions has its own distinct culture and traditions, yet they have been able to coexist peacefully in India for centuries.

The culture of accommodation in Indian society refers to the willingness of different communities to adjust and adapt to each other’s cultural practices and beliefs. Indians have a long history of respecting and embracing diversity, and this is reflected in various aspects of Indian culture. For example, Indian cuisine has been influenced by various regional and religious traditions, resulting in a rich and diverse range of flavors and cooking styles.

Another example of the culture of accommodation in Indian society is the celebration of festivals. India has a wide variety of festivals that are celebrated by people of different religions and cultures. For instance, Diwali, the festival of lights, is celebrated by Hindus, Sikhs, and Jains, while Eid is celebrated by Muslims. During these festivals, people from different communities come together to share food, exchange gifts, and participate in cultural activities, creating a sense of unity and harmony.

Overall, the tradition of plurality and the culture of accommodation have played a significant role in shaping the social fabric of Indian society, fostering mutual respect and understanding between diverse communities.

Q2. What do you understand by social change and modernization in India? Discuss

Social change refers to the transformation of the social structure, beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors of a society. It is a gradual and continuous process that results from various factors such as technological advancements, economic growth, globalization, cultural exchange, and political reforms. Modernization, on the other hand, is a specific type of social change that refers to the adoption of modern ways of life and values.

India has undergone significant social change and modernization in the past few decades. The country’s economic liberalization policies in the early 1990s opened up the Indian market to the world and brought about significant changes in the social and economic fabric of the country. This led to a shift in the mindset of the people, as they began to embrace modern values such as individualism, entrepreneurship, and consumerism.

One of the significant changes that have taken place in India is the transformation of the social structure. The traditional caste system, which was deeply entrenched in Indian society, has gradually weakened, and there has been a rise of a new middle class, which is more educated and upwardly mobile.

The status of women in Indian society has also undergone significant changes. Women are now more educated, independent, and financially empowered. They are entering previously male-dominated fields and taking on leadership roles.

Technological advancements have also played a crucial role in bringing about social change in India. The widespread adoption of the internet and social media has given people a platform to express their opinions and connect with others, leading to greater awareness and activism on social issues such as gender equality, LGBTQ+ rights, and environmental sustainability.

However, despite these positive changes, India still faces many challenges in terms of social change and modernization. The country still has a long way to go in terms of addressing issues such as poverty, education, healthcare, and social inequality. There is also a need to ensure that the benefits of modernization are spread across all sections of society and that traditional cultural values are not lost in the process.

In conclusion, social change and modernization are ongoing processes in India that are shaping the country’s social and economic landscape. While there have been significant positive changes, there is still much work to be done to ensure that the benefits of modernization are shared by all and that the country continues to move forward towards a more equitable and prosperous future.

Assignment II

Q3. Discuss the meaning of ethnographic image of India with a suitable example.

The ethnographic image of India refers to the collective understanding, perception, and representation of Indian society, culture, and people through the lens of ethnography, which is the systematic study of human societies and cultures. It is the image of India that emerges from the observations, experiences, and interpretations of ethnographers, who often come from outside the country and bring their own cultural biases and perspectives.

A suitable example of the ethnographic image of India can be seen in the works of British anthropologist E. E. Evans-Pritchard, who conducted extensive fieldwork among the Nuer people of South Sudan in the 1930s and 1940s. Although his research was focused on the Nuer, he often made comparisons between their society and that of India, which he saw as a kind of cultural counterpart to the Nuer.

In his book “The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a Nilotic People,” Evans-Pritchard frequently referenced India as an example of a society with a hierarchical social structure and a caste system that was similar in some ways to the Nuer’s segmentary lineage system. However, his portrayal of India was based on secondhand accounts and a limited understanding of Indian society and culture.

Evans-Pritchard’s ethnographic image of India was influenced by his colonial background and his own cultural biases, which led him to view Indian society as exotic, primitive, and inferior to Western societies. This image of India as a land of mysticism, poverty, and social inequality has been perpetuated in Western popular culture and media, often reducing the diversity and complexity of Indian society to a few stereotypical images.

Overall, the ethnographic image of India is shaped by the perspectives and biases of those who study and represent it, and it is important to recognize the diversity and complexity of Indian society beyond these limited and often distorted images.

Q4. Describe the basic features of village in India.

Villages in India are typically characterized by a small and tightly-knit community of people who live in rural areas and engage in agriculture and other traditional occupations. Some of the basic features of a typical Indian village include:

• Size: Villages in India are generally small in size, with populations ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand people.
• Houses: Houses in Indian villages are often made of mud, clay, or brick, with thatched roofs or concrete roofs. They are typically small and simple in design.
• Agriculture: Agriculture is the main occupation in Indian villages, with farmers cultivating crops such as rice, wheat, sugarcane, and vegetables.
• Livestock: Cows, buffaloes, goats, and sheep are common livestock found in Indian villages.
• Panchayat: Each village has a panchayat, which is a local self-government body that resolves disputes and takes decisions related to the village’s development.
• Social Life: Villagers in India often have strong social bonds and live in close proximity to each other. Festivals and celebrations are an important part of village life.
• Basic Amenities: Access to basic amenities such as electricity, clean water, and healthcare can be limited in some Indian villages. However, efforts are being made to improve infrastructure and provide better facilities in rural areas.

Overall, Indian villages are unique in their culture, traditions, and way of life. While they face their own set of challenges, they are an important part of the country’s diverse cultural heritage.

Q5. There are many tribes in India found in different regions. Discuss the nature of their occupations.

India is a diverse country with a rich cultural heritage, and there are many tribes found in different regions of the country. These tribes have their unique lifestyles, traditions, customs, and beliefs. One of the significant aspects that define the tribes is their occupations.

• Agriculture: Agriculture is the primary occupation of many tribes in India. They are mostly found in rural areas and depend on farming for their livelihood. Some of the tribes that practice agriculture are the Bhils, Gonds, Khasis, and Santhals. They grow various crops such as rice, wheat, pulses, millets, and vegetables.
• Hunting and Gathering: Some tribes in India still practice hunting and gathering as their primary occupation. These tribes live in forested areas and depend on the forest’s resources for their survival. They hunt wild animals, gather fruits, nuts, and other forest produce. The Jarawas, Sentinelese, and Onge are some of the tribes that still practice hunting and gathering.
• Animal husbandry: Many tribes in India practice animal husbandry. They rear various animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, and camels. They use the animals for milk, meat, and transportation. Some of the tribes that practice animal husbandry are the Gujjars, Rabaris, and Bakarwals.
• Handicrafts: Many tribes in India are skilled in various handicrafts such as weaving, pottery, basket making, woodcarving, and metalworking. They make various items such as clothes, utensils, and decorative items. Some of the tribes that practice handicrafts are the Bhils, Gonds, Warlis, and Kondhs.
• Fishing: Some tribes in India are involved in fishing as their primary occupation. They fish in rivers, ponds, and lakes using traditional methods. The Moghuls and Meenas are some of the tribes that practice fishing.

In conclusion, the tribes in India have diverse occupations that are mostly dependent on their geographical location and resources available to them. Despite modernization and urbanization, many tribes still practice their traditional occupations and preserve their culture and heritage.

Assignment III

Q6. Define the concept of Caste

Caste is a social stratification system that is prevalent in certain societies, particularly in South Asia. It is a hierarchical system of social organization based on birth and is characterized by the division of people into distinct social groups or castes.

Each caste is believed to have its own inherent characteristics, rights, and obligations, which are passed down from generation to generation. People born into a particular caste are expected to adhere to the norms and values associated with that caste throughout their lives.

Caste systems are often associated with social, economic, and political inequality, as members of certain castes may have limited access to resources, education, and opportunities. Caste-based discrimination is illegal in many countries, but it continues to exist in various forms, particularly in rural areas and in traditional communities.

Q7. Why is India considered to be a ‘unity in diversity’?

India is considered to be a “unity in diversity” due to its rich cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity. India is a land of many religions, languages, and cultures, which have coexisted for thousands of years.

India has over 1.3 billion people, with more than 2,000 ethnic groups, over 1,600 languages, and many different religions. The country’s diversity is reflected in its many festivals, traditions, and customs, which vary from region to region.

Despite this diversity, there is a strong sense of unity among Indians. This unity is based on a shared history, shared values, and a shared vision for the future. Indians have a strong sense of national pride and a deep respect for their country’s diversity.

The Indian Constitution also recognizes and protects this diversity by providing equal rights and opportunities to all citizens, regardless of their religion, caste, or gender. The country’s democratic system ensures that all voices are heard, and all groups have a say in the decision-making process.

In summary, India’s unity in diversity is a result of its rich cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity, and its commitment to inclusiveness and equality for all.

Q8. What is ‘Great Tradition’ and ‘Little Tradition’?

The basic tenets of the Indian Constitution are:

• Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic and Republic: The Preamble of the Constitution declares India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic and republic nation.
• Fundamental Rights: The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to every citizen of India. These include the right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies.
• Directive Principles of State Policy: The Constitution lays down certain principles which are to be followed by the state in making laws and policies. These principles include the provision of equal opportunities, promotion of welfare of the people, protection of the environment, and the promotion of international peace and security.
• Federal Structure: The Constitution provides for a federal structure of government where power is divided between the central government and the state governments. The Constitution lists out the powers and functions of both the central and state governments.
• Separation of Powers: The Constitution provides for the separation of powers between the three branches of government – the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Each branch of government has its own functions and powers, and they work together to maintain a balance of power.
• Parliamentary System of Government: The Constitution provides for a parliamentary system of government where the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers are responsible to the Lok Sabha (Lower House of Parliament).
• Independent Judiciary: The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary that is responsible for interpreting the laws and the Constitution. The Supreme Court is the highest court in India and has the power to interpret the Constitution and decide on disputes between the central and state governments.
• Universal Adult Suffrage: The Constitution provides for universal adult suffrage, which means that every citizen of India who is above the age of 18 years has the right to vote in elections.
• Single Citizenship: The Constitution provides for a single citizenship for all citizens of India. The Constitution lists out the rights and duties of citizens and the conditions under which a person can lose their citizenship.

Q10. What are the major religions in India?

India is a diverse country with many religions coexisting peacefully. The major religions practiced in India are:

• Hinduism: Hinduism is the largest religion in India, with over 80% of the population following it. It is an ancient religion with a complex belief system and diverse traditions.
• Islam: Islam is the second-largest religion in India, with around 14% of the population practicing it. It was introduced in India in the 7th century by Arab traders and merchants.
• Christianity: Christianity is a minority religion in India, with around 2.3% of the population following it. It was introduced by European missionaries in the 16th century.
• Sikhism: Sikhism is a religion that originated in the Punjab region of India in the 15th century. It is the fifth-largest religion in India, with around 2% of the population following it.
• Buddhism: Buddhism is a religion that originated in ancient India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha. It is a minority religion in India, with less than 1% of the population practicing it.
• Jainism: Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that emphasizes non-violence and respect for all living beings. It is a minority religion in India, with less than 1% of the population following it.
• Zoroastrianism: Zoroastrianism is an ancient Persian religion that was brought to India by Zoroastrian refugees fleeing persecution in Persia. It is a minority religion in India, with less than 0.1% of the population practicing it.
• Judaism: Judaism is a minority religion in India, with a small population of around 5,000 Jews. It is believed to have been introduced to India by Jewish traders who settled in the country during the 1st century BCE.

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