(IGNOU) MPYE-011 Important Questions with Answers English Medium- Aesthetics or the philosophy of art refers to the sensory contemplation or appreciation of an object. Aesthetics, as a branch of philosophy, not only speaks about art and to produce judgments about the art works, but also gives a definition of what art is. Art is an autonomous entity for philosophy as it deals with the senses and art is as such free of any moral or political purpose.
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BLOCK 1 INTRODUCTION
Unit 1 Philosophy of Art
Unit 2 Rasa – Definition, Nature and Scope
Unit 3 Aesthetics – Definition, Nature and Scope
Unit 4 Aesthete Object
BLOCK 2 INDIAN AESTHETICS
Unit 1 Bharata on Rasa
Unit 2 Theories of Rasa
Unit 3 Indian Aestheticians
Unit 4 Abhinavagupta’s Philosophy of Rasa
BLOCK 3 WESTERN AESTHETICS
Unit 1 Theory of Aesthetics – Ancient
Unit 2 Theory of Aesthetics – Medieval
Unit 3 Theory of Aesthetics – Modern
Unit 4 Theory of Aesthetics – Post-modern
BLOCK 4 AESTHETICS – ITS APPLICATION
Unit 1 Ontology of Art
Unit 2 Applied Rasa – Indian Perspective
Unit 3 Applied Aesthetic – Western Perspective
Unit 4 Art Experience
1 Explain the Rasa theory according to Natyashastra and elaborate the key concepts of Rasa theory
(IGNOU) MPYE-011 Important Questions with Answers English Medium- The Rasa theory is a central concept in the Natyashastra, an ancient Indian text on performing arts, traditionally attributed to the sage Bharata. The Natyashastra, believed to have been composed between the 2nd century BCE and 2nd century CE, provides comprehensive guidelines for various aspects of performing arts, including drama, dance, and music. The term “Rasa” literally means “juice” or “essence,” but in the context of the Natyashastra, it refers to the aesthetic experience or emotional flavor that the audience derives from a performance.
- Rasa: Rasa is the ultimate goal of any artistic performance. It is the emotional experience that the audience undergoes while witnessing a performance. According to Bharata, there are nine primary Rasas: Shringara (erotic), Hasya (comic), Karuna (pathetic), Raudra (furious), Veera (heroic), Bhayanaka (fearful), Bibhatsa (disgusting), Adbhuta (marvelous), and Shanta (tranquil). Each Rasa is associated with a specific dominant emotion. (IGNOU) MPYE-011 Important Questions with Answers English Medium
- Bhava: Bhava refers to the psychological and emotional states that characters experience. There are eight Sthayi Bhavas (permanent emotions) and thirty-three Vyabhichari Bhavas (transitory emotions). The combination of these Bhavas helps in creating and evoking the Rasa in the audience.
- Vibhava: Vibhavas are the determinants or stimulants that evoke emotions in the performers and, subsequently, in the audience. There are two types of Vibhavas: Alambana (supportive) and Uddipana (excitatory). Alambana provides the foundation for the emotional experience, while Uddipana triggers the emotions.
- Anubhava: Anubhava refers to the visible or external signs of the internal emotions experienced by the characters. It includes facial expressions, body language, gestures, and other physical manifestations of emotions.
- Sattvika Abhinaya: Sattvika Abhinaya involves the involuntary and uncontrollable physical reactions to emotions, such as perspiration, trembling, and changes in voice. These contribute to the authenticity of the performance.
- Rasa Dhvani: Rasa Dhvani is the power of suggestion, where the mere mention or evocation of certain words or themes can create a mood or evoke emotions in the audience.
- Sthayi Bhava and Sanchari Bhava: Sthayi Bhava is the dominant emotion, while Sanchari Bhavas are the transitory emotions that support and enhance the dominant emotion.
- Nayika and Nayaka: These terms refer to the heroine and hero, respectively, who play central roles in expressing the various emotions and developing the narrative. MPYE-011 Important Questions with Answers English Medium
The Rasa theory, with its intricate understanding of emotions and their expression in the performing arts, has had a profound influence on Indian aesthetics and continues to be a significant aspect of classical Indian art forms. (IGNOU) MPYE-011 Important Questions with Answers
2 Explain how vibhava, anubhava and vyabhicarihava create rasa experience?
3 Explain the concept of alaukika rasa?
4 What are the two different schools of Sanskrit poetics?
5 While offering a new interpretation to Rasa-theory who emphasised the significance of acting? Name him and outline his Rasa theory in the space provided here.
6 Whose Rasa theory is better known as Bhuktivada? Name him and state his central idea in the space provided below.
7 Define Sadharnikarana. State its central principle in the space provided here.
8 Who is a sahrdaya? What are his basic qualities?
9 Critically analyse the philosophy of Rasa according to Abhinava Gutpa.
10 Examine different dimensions of the aesthetic theories of ancient Greek thinkers.
11 Evaluate the discourse On Taste by Edmund Burke and compare them with the perceptions of Kant.
12 What is aesthetics ? Explain its nature and scope.
13 Discuss different ontological status binding different kinds of work of art.
14 What are the categories of Rasas ? Demonstrate their purpose and applications.
15 Examine the uniqueness of the aesthetic theories of the medieval period.
16 How did Benedetto Croce perceive works of art as examples of intuitive knowledge ?
17 Describe Samkhya approach to art experience.
18 Explain applied aesthetics related to digital art.
19 Write a short note on aesthetic judgment.
20 What is art according to R. G. Collingwood ?
MPYE 011 Philosophy of Arts (Aesthetics) Solved Assignment 2023-24
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