(IGNOU) MPYE-002 Important Questions with Answers English Medium- MPYE-002 refers to the course code for Ethics in the Master of Arts in Philosophy (MAPY) program offered by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). It is a first-year course for MAPY students.
- Subject: Ethics
- Level: Master’s Degree Programme
- Programme: Master of Arts in Philosophy (MAPY)
- Year: First Year
1) What is the common principle in Epicurus’, Thomas Hobbes’ and Jeremy Bentham’s philosophy?
(IGNOU) MPYE-002 Important Questions with Answers English Medium- While Epicurus, Thomas Hobbes, and Jeremy Bentham are all influential figures in the history of philosophy, they have distinct philosophical positions and principles. Commonalities and points of intersection in their ideas, particularly in the realm of ethics and the pursuit of happiness
Hedonism
Epicurus: Epicurus was a Greek philosopher who founded the school of philosophy known as Epicureanism. Epicurus advocated for a form of hedonism, but he defined pleasure as the absence of pain and emphasized the importance of tranquility and moderation in one’s life. He believed that the ultimate goal of life was to achieve a state of ataraxia, or inner peace.
Bentham: Bentham was an English philosopher and one of the founders of utilitarianism. Bentham’s ethical theory is often described as hedonistic utilitarianism, as he argued that the goal of actions and social institutions should be to maximize happiness or pleasure and minimize pain or suffering. MPYE-002 Important Questions with Answers English Medium
Social Contract
Hobbes: Thomas Hobbes, an English philosopher, is best known for his work “Leviathan,” in which he discusses the social contract theory. Hobbes believed that individuals in a state of nature would lead lives that were “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” To avoid this, he argued for a strong, centralized authority (a Leviathan) to maintain order and prevent chaos.
Bentham: While Bentham is not primarily known for social contract theory, his utilitarian principles have implications for societal organization. The utilitarian idea of maximizing overall happiness can be seen as a form of social contract, where individuals agree to abide by rules and institutions that promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
Pleasure and Pain as Motivators
Epicurus and Bentham: Both Epicurus and Bentham believed that pleasure and pain are central motivators for human behavior. Epicurus focused on the individual pursuit of pleasure as the means to attain a tranquil life, while Bentham emphasized the importance of considering the overall happiness of society.
While these philosophers share some common ground, their specific philosophical doctrines and approaches to ethics differ. Epicurus was more concerned with individual tranquility, Hobbes with societal order, and Bentham with the utilitarian calculus of maximizing happiness on a broader scale
2) Briefly explain Aristotle’s views on virtues.
3) What are the seven norms proposed by Bentham for the measurement of pleasure?
4) Brief Durkheim’s materialist explanation of religion.
5) Explain Kant’s views on moral obligation.
6) Explain Thomas Aquinas’ views of moral philosophy.
7) What are sources of ethics and their ideals in Indian tradition?
8) Explain the ethics of Gita.
9) What are Hindu ethical ideals in Indian tradition?
10) Write about your personal learning in this unit on Hindu Ethics.
11) What do you understand about the uniqueness of Buddhist morality?
12) Explain about the sources and foundation of Jaina Ethics
13) Define Ethics and its importance.
14) Illustrate Joseph Fletcher’s Situation Ethics.
15) Mention the six contexts of Ginsberg’s Diversity of Morals.
16) What is diatopical exchange of Pannikar?
17) Explain Absolute Ethics and Relative Ethics.
18) How are love and moral precepts related?
19) How do the concepts of love and moral percepts help to build an ethical society?
20) What is the notable difference between Aquinas and Saurez’s idea of self-evident or moral principle?