IGNOU BESC 134 Solved Assignment 2022-23

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Submission Date :

31st March 2033 (if enrolled in the July 2033 Session)
30th Sept, 2033 (if enrolled in the January 2033 session).

There are three Assignments. All questions are compulsory. Total marks of the assignment questions are 100.

Answer the following in about 500 words each in Assignment A , each question carry 20 marks.

Answer the following questions in about 250 words each in Assignment B , each question carry 12 marks.

Answer the following questions in about 125 words each in Assignment C , each question carry 6 marks.

Assignment A

1. Discuss Shri Auribindo’s philosophy of Integral Education? In what ways ‘Mirambika – The Free Progress School’ was an innovative educational practice?

INTRODUCTION

Education nourishes personality by improving all aspects of life as physical, mental, spiritual, vital, emotional, social, and cultural. It removes darkness and enlightens a person’s life. It helps him to eradicate poverty and misery from his life. Such a powerful, enlightened person becomes creative and he contributes in the development of his society as well as his country.Sri Aurobindo assessed many inherent problems in teachings imparted in our schools and universities before independence. That education system was not creative rather it was degrading, impoverishing the mind, denationalising, spoiling the soul and character. He believed to ensure that we should march towards the truth and knowledge, to keep our selves fit for meeting the day to day challenges for it is essential that we keep our education system up to date and bring necessary changes from time to time.As per modern life and spirit, for meeting this requirement of the society the mother and Sri Aurobindo advocated strongly an integral system of education and yoga. In integral education, he described union with the divine and integral manifestation of divine into the physical, mental, and vital life.Sri Aurobindo used to express his educational ideas in weekly magazine ‘Karmayogin’. He was unhappy and sick of the prevailing educational system after independence but it has many deficits as it is not oriented towards the development of spiritual and mental needs of children and it does not meet the requirements of modern life and our nation. He advocated that our education system should be able to prepare our students for modern day challenges of life. He wrote

“Education to be true, must not be a machine made fabric; but true building or living evocation of power of the mind and spirit of human being.”

INTEGRAL EDUCATION

Integral education is a complete system of education. It develops not only cognitive mind but it develops physical, vital, spiritual, and psyche aspects of personality also. Here the word ‘Integral’ means ‘total’. It nourishes a sense of integrity, beauty and harmony in all aspects of humanity. With the help of innovative techniques of imparting education and activity based learning, students are equipped with multi skills and abilities which can be applied and used in his life.

Integral education is not merely an idea but it is a complete and perfect system of education, According to Sri Aurobindo true education is not only limited to spiritual aspect of education but it also includes rational, physical and vital aspects of education, these all make it integral education. In the words of Mother, who was a closest collaborator of Sri Aurobindo, “To be complete education it must be five principle aspects relating to five principle activities of human being: the physical, the mental, the psyche, the vital and the spiritual. This education is complete, complimentary to each other and continued till the end of life.” Sri Aurobindo used the sense of integral education in two dimensions. In the first dimension, integral means imparting five aspects ( physical, mental, spiritual, vital and psyche) of individual being and in second sense of integral means education is not for evolution of individual but for nation and finally for humanity. In a broader sense integral means evolution of humanity and promoting the principle of unity in diversity.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

It is essential for human being to be aware of his surroundings and his environment. It has been regularly mentioned that the traditional methods of teaching has lost its relevance in the fast changing era. The developed Western countries have realised that providing full employment and other amenities are not able to provide peace of mind and real satisfaction. In these Western countries too much of importance is given to material progress, technological and mechanical developments without corresponding development of spirituality and inner growth. This lacuna has land human beings in present psychological and cultural crisis.To obtain inner strength and enlightened mind, the educationists are advocating the necessity of integration of spiritual education. They know that bookish education is not significant. This cognitive knowledge should be replaced by integral knowledge for knowing the truth of being. So it has become imperative that a new system of education to be reached.In this regarded guidelines of Sri Aurobindo and others are useful enough to reach the existing impasse. This new system of education is integral education because it deals a human being in totality and his whole life. A human being’s personality is comprised of mental, physical, spiritual, vital and psyche. Unfortunately, the present system of education emphasize only on one aspect of personality, mental aspect. It totally neglects the other four aspects of personality viz. Psyche, spiritual, vital and physical.It is integral education which brings out hidden potential in a person. A good education system must bring out great possibilities which are lying dormant in every person. Integral education awakens the great possibilities which are in dormant stage by systematic training. Human cognitive faculties can be expanded beyond the imaginations.

A person’s conceptual and analytical powers can be enhanced beyond the ranges of intuition. Hence, the capacity of joyful and creative actions can be expanded beyond its normal limits with the harmony with one’s inner nature. It requires the knowledge of human nature, and this knowledge is found in our preserved ancient system in numerous yogic traditions. According to Sri Aurobindo yoga is a practical psychology. He also synthesized tradition, ancient wisdom and threw light on it. Telo’s model which is designed for integral development of human nature is also based on Sri Aurobindo’s teachings. In his model Telo find out the possibilities to face the modern day challenges for a human being.

2. Discuss the concept, meaning and characteristics of educational research. Describe the basic steps in which educational research can be accomplished?

Education is an integral aspect of every society and in a bid to expand the frontiers of knowledge, educational research must become a priority. Educational research plays a vital role in the overall development of pedagogy, learning programs, and policy formulation.

Educational research is a spectrum that bothers on multiple fields of knowledge and this means that it draws from different disciplines. As a result of this, the findings of this research are multi-dimensional and can be restricted by the characteristics of the research participants and the research environment.

What is Educational Research?

Educational research is a type of systematic investigation that applies empirical methods to solving challenges in education. It adopts rigorous and well-defined scientific processes in order to gather and analyze data for problem-solving and knowledge advancement.

J. W. Best defines educational research as that activity that is directed towards the development of a science of behavior in educational situations. The ultimate aim of such a science is to provide knowledge that will permit the educator to achieve his goals through the most effective methods.

The primary purpose of educational research is to expand the existing body of knowledge by providing solutions to different problems in pedagogy while improving teaching and learning practices. Educational researchers also seek answers to questions bothering on learner motivation, development, and classroom management.

Characteristics of Education Research

While educational research can take numerous forms and approaches, several characteristics define its process and approach. Some of them are listed below:

It sets out to solve a specific problem.
Educational research adopts primary and secondary research methods in its data collection process. This means that in educational research, the investigator relies on first-hand sources of information and secondary data to arrive at a suitable conclusion.
Educational research relies on empirical evidence. This results from its largely scientific approach.
Educational research is objective and accurate because it measures verifiable information.
In educational research, the researcher adopts specific methodologies, detailed procedures, and analysis to arrive at the most objective responses
Educational research findings are useful in the development of principles and theories that provide better insights into pressing issues.
This research approach combines structured, semi-structured, and unstructured questions to gather verifiable data from respondents.
Many educational research findings are documented for peer review before their presentation.
Educational research is interdisciplinary in nature because it draws from different fields and studies complex factual relations.

Types of Educational Research

Educational research can be broadly categorized into 3 which are descriptive research, correlational research, and experimental research. Each of these has distinct and overlapping features.

Descriptive Educational Research

In this type of educational research, the researcher merely seeks to collect data with regards to the status quo or present situation of things. The core of descriptive research lies in defining the state and characteristics of the research subject being understudied.

Because of its emphasis on the “what” of the situation, descriptive research can be termed an observational research method. In descriptive educational research, the researcher makes use of quantitative research methods including surveys and questionnaires to gather the required data.

Typically, descriptive educational research is the first step in solving a specific problem. Here are a few examples of descriptive research:

A reading program to help you understand student literacy levels.
A study of students’ classroom performance.
Research to gather data on students’ interests and preferences.

From these examples, you would notice that the researcher does not need to create a simulation of the natural environment of the research subjects; rather, he or she observes them as they engage in their routines. Also, the researcher is not concerned with creating a causal relationship between the research variables.

Correlational Educational Research

This is a type of educational research that seeks insights into the statistical relationship between two research variables. In correlational research, the researcher studies two variables intending to establish a connection between them.

Correlational research can be positive, negative, or non-existent. Positive correlation occurs when an increase in variable A leads to an increase in variable B, while negative correlation occurs when an increase in variable A results in a decrease in variable B.

When a change in any of the variables does not trigger a succeeding change in the other, then the correlation is non-existent. Also, in correlational educational research, the research does not need to alter the natural environment of the variables; that is, there is no need for external conditioning.

Examples of educational correlational research include:

Research to discover the relationship between students’ behaviors and classroom performance.
A study into the relationship between students’ social skills and their learning behaviors.

Assignment B

3. Write importance of Pie graph and Bar graph. Develop pie graph and bar graph for the following data. Which one you find most suitable for the following data and Why?

4. Discuss about various dimensions of diversity present in social groups.

5. Describe the main purpose of dissemination of Best Practices? List out various activities for dissemination as per the purpose of dissemination.

6. Describe the characteristics of Action research? Discuss how action research is different from other researches.

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Assignment C

7. Explain the main features of ‘Kasturaba Gandhi Balika Vidhalya’?
8. What do you understand by Open Educational Resources (OER)?

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