IGNOU FREE BGSS-183 Gender Training Perspectives Solved Guess Paper 2025

Q1. What is Gender? Explain the difference between Sex and Gender with examples.

Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, responsibilities, and expectations assigned to individuals based on their perceived identity as male, female, or other gender identities. Unlike biological sex, which is determined by physical attributes at birth, gender is shaped by society, culture, traditions, and socialization.

Sex is biological. It is based on physical characteristics such as chromosomes (XX/XY), hormones, and reproductive organs. Sex is universal and generally constant. For example, a person may be born biologically male or female.

Gender, however, is social and cultural. It defines how individuals are expected to behave in society. Gender roles differ across cultures and change over time. For example, in some societies, women are expected to take care of domestic work while men are expected to earn money. But these roles are social creations—not biological facts.

Another example: wearing makeup or jewelry is considered feminine in many cultures today, but historically men in royal families also wore jewelry. This shows that gender roles are not fixed; they evolve with time.

Understanding the difference between sex and gender is crucial in gender training because many inequalities arise from gender norms, not biology. Gender training helps people identify stereotypes, challenge discrimination, and promote equality.

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Q2. What is Gender Training? Discuss its objectives and significance.

Gender training is a structured educational process that raises awareness about gender inequalities, discrimination, stereotypes, and power relations in society. It equips individuals, institutions, and communities with knowledge and tools to promote gender equality.

The objectives of gender training include:

1. Increasing awareness about gender biases.

2. Understanding how gender roles are constructed.

3. Promoting gender-sensitive behavior and communication.

4. Encouraging equal participation of men and women.

5. Influencing policies and institutions to become gender-inclusive.

The significance of gender training lies in its ability to transform attitudes, behaviors, and social structures. It helps individuals recognize discriminatory practices and promotes respectful, inclusive interactions in homes, workplaces, and communities. Gender training also empowers women and marginalized groups by giving them a voice and building their confidence.

In institutions, gender training helps create safer work environments, reduce harassment, and improve decision-making. It supports the implementation of gender-sensitive policies and ensures better outcomes in development programs.

Thus, gender training is essential for social justice, equality, empowerment, and sustainable development.

Q3. Explain Gender Stereotypes. How do they affect individuals and society?

Gender stereotypes are oversimplified, generalized beliefs about how men and women should behave. Examples include “women are emotional,” “men are strong,” or “women belong in the kitchen.”

These stereotypes negatively affect individuals by limiting opportunities and self-expression. Women may avoid careers in science or leadership due to stereotypes, while men may avoid emotional expression due to expectations of toughness.

Stereotypes also reinforce inequality in education, jobs, wages, and household responsibilities. They discourage shared responsibilities and restrict personal freedom. For society, stereotypes slow down progress, reduce productivity, and promote discrimination. Gender training helps challenge these harmful beliefs and promotes equality.

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Q4. What is Gender Sensitization? Explain its importance.

Gender sensitization is the process of making people aware of gender equality issues and helping them change their attitudes and behavior. It helps individuals understand the differences between gender and sex, recognize discrimination, and adopt respectful practices.

Its importance lies in creating gender-sensitive families, workplaces, and communities. Sensitization reduces violence, harassment, and inequality. It promotes mutual respect, equal opportunities, and participation. Schools, colleges, NGOs, and workplaces conduct gender sensitization programs to build awareness and ensure socially responsible behavior.

Q5. Discuss the concept of Patriarchy and its impact on gender relations.

Patriarchy is a social system in which men hold primary power and dominate political, economic, and social structures. This system gives men privileges and superior status while restricting women’s rights and opportunities.

Patriarchy impacts gender relations by creating unequal power dynamics. Women may face discrimination in education, employment, inheritance, leadership, and decision-making. Gender-based violence, wage gaps, unpaid household labor, and mobility restrictions are rooted in patriarchal beliefs.

Patriarchy also harms men by pressuring them to conform to rigid masculinity norms. Gender training challenges patriarchal structures and promotes fairness, equality, and empowerment.

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Q6. What is Gender Equality? Explain its importance for development.

Gender equality means equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities for all genders. It does not mean men and women become the same, but that no one is discriminated against because of gender.

Gender equality is essential for development because it increases workforce participation, reduces poverty, improves health outcomes, and enhances education. Societies with greater gender equality show faster economic growth, stronger governance, and lower violence.

Gender equality empowers women to participate fully in social, economic, and political life. It benefits men by removing restrictive gender norms. Overall, gender equality is necessary for justice, peace, and sustainable development.

Q7. Explain the role of education in promoting gender equality.

Education is a powerful tool for reducing gender inequality. It creates awareness, builds confidence, and opens opportunities for empowerment. Educated individuals challenge stereotypes and resist discrimination.

Education promotes gender equality by providing equal access to schooling, encouraging girls’ participation, supporting gender-sensitive curricula, and training teachers in inclusive practices. Educated girls have better health, higher income, and greater decision-making power.

Education also helps boys understand equality, respect women, and break harmful gender norms. Thus, education is essential for a more equitable and progressive society.

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Q8. What are gender-sensitive policies? Explain with examples.

Gender-sensitive policies address the specific needs and concerns of all genders, especially marginalized groups. They aim to remove barriers and promote fairness.

Examples include:

• Equal pay policies

• Maternity and paternity leave

• Sexual harassment prevention laws

• Reservation for women in local governance

• Access to education programs for girls

These policies create safe, inclusive environments and ensure equal opportunities. Gender training helps institutions understand and implement such policies effectively.

Q9. Explain the importance of communication in gender training.

Communication plays a central role in gender training. It helps convey concepts like gender roles, stereotypes, discrimination, and equality. Effective communication encourages participation, dialogue, and shared understanding.

Trainers use discussions, group work, storytelling, presentations, and role play to engage learners. Open communication reduces resistance and builds trust. It allows people to express experiences, question beliefs, and learn new perspectives.

Thus, communication ensures that gender training becomes interactive, transformative, and impactful.

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Q10. Discuss the role of media in shaping gender perceptions.

Media—TV, films, advertisements, newspapers, and social media—shapes public thinking about gender roles. It often reinforces stereotypes by portraying women as dependent and men as dominant. However, media can also promote positive images, awareness, and empowerment.

Progressive media campaigns challenge gender norms, promote equality, and highlight success stories of women and marginalized genders. Media literacy helps individuals critically analyze content and reject harmful stereotypes.

Thus, media has a powerful role in shaping attitudes, influencing behavior, and supporting gender equality.

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