IGNOU BPCC 102 BIOPSYCHOLOGY Free Solved Assignment 2022-23

IGNOU BPCC 102 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23, IGNOU BPCC 102 BIOPSYCHOLOGY Free Solved Assignment 2022-23 If you are interested in pursuing a course in radio production and direction, IGNOU BPCC 102 can be an excellent choice. In this article, we will take a closer look at what IGNOU BPCC 102 is all about and what you can expect to learn from this course.

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IGNOU BPCC 102 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23 is a course offered by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) under the School of Journalism and New Media Studies. As the name suggests, it is a course on “Production and Direction for Radio.” The course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of radio production and direction and covers various topics related to this field. IGNOU BPCC 102 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23

IGNOU BPCC 102 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23


Assignment One

Q1. Define hormone. Explain the structure and functioning of pituitary gland. Support your answer with a suitable diagram.

Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream to target cells or organs throughout the body. They regulate various physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. Hormones can be classified into three types based on their chemical structure: steroids, peptides, and amino acid derivatives.

The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain, which is often referred to as the “master gland” because it controls the functions of many other endocrine glands in the body. It is composed of two main parts: the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary.

The anterior pituitary produces and secretes several hormones, including growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin. The release of these hormones is regulated by hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones.

The posterior pituitary stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus: oxytocin and vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH). These hormones play a role in regulating water balance, blood pressure, and reproductive functions.

Here is a diagram of the pituitary gland:

As you can see in the diagram, the pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain and is connected to the hypothalamus by a stalk called the pituitary stalk or infundibulum. The anterior pituitary is located in the front part of the gland, while the posterior pituitary is located in the back part of the gland.

The functioning of the pituitary gland is complex and involves a feedback system between the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the target organs or tissues. The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel to the anterior pituitary via the pituitary stalk. These hormones stimulate or inhibit the release of specific hormones from the anterior pituitary, which then travel through the bloodstream to their target organs or tissues. The posterior pituitary releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus in response to signals from the brain.

Q2. Describe the functioning of forebrain. Illustrate the lateral view of human brain.

The forebrain is the anterior part of the brain, which is responsible for a variety of complex functions such as perception, cognition, memory, and voluntary movement. It is made up of several structures, including the cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system.

The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the forebrain and is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, perception, and consciousness. It is divided into two hemispheres, the left and right, each of which is further divided into four lobes: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. These lobes are responsible for different functions. For example, the frontal lobe is responsible for motor control and decision-making, while the temporal lobe is responsible for hearing and memory.

The thalamus is located at the center of the forebrain and acts as a relay station for sensory information coming from the body to the cerebral cortex. It also regulates consciousness, sleep, and alertness.

The hypothalamus is located beneath the thalamus and is responsible for regulating a variety of bodily functions such as hunger, thirst, and body temperature. It also controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

The limbic system is a complex network of structures located beneath the cerebral cortex and is responsible for regulating emotions, motivation, and memory. It includes the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus.

Assignment Two

Q3. Amnesia

Amnesia is a condition that involves a loss of memory, either partially or completely. It can be caused by a variety of factors such as head trauma, stroke, infection, drug or alcohol abuse, brain surgery, or psychological trauma.

There are two main types of amnesia: retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia. Retrograde amnesia refers to the loss of memories that were formed before the onset of the amnesia, while anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to form new memories after the onset of the amnesia.

Treatment for amnesia depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, the memory loss may be temporary and can be treated by addressing the underlying medical condition. In other cases, the memory loss may be permanent, and treatment may focus on helping the individual cope with their condition and adapt to their new circumstances. Therapy, memory aids, and support from friends and family can also be helpful in managing the effects of amnesia.

Q4. Cranial Nerves

Cranial nerves are a set of 12 pairs of nerves that originate from the brain and control various functions of the head, neck, and visceral organs in the body. These nerves are numbered I to XII, and each nerve has a specific function and distribution.

Here is a brief overview of the functions of each cranial nerve:

  • Olfactory nerve (I): responsible for sense of smell
  • Optic nerve (II): responsible for vision
  • Oculomotor nerve (III): responsible for eye movement, pupil dilation, and focusing
  • Trochlear nerve (IV): responsible for eye movement and control of the superior oblique muscle
  • Trigeminal nerve (V): responsible for sensation in the face, chewing, and control of the jaw muscles
  • Abducens nerve (VI): responsible for eye movement and control of the lateral rectus muscle
  • Facial nerve (VII): responsible for facial expression, taste, and control of salivary and tear glands
  • Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII): responsible for hearing and balance
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX): responsible for taste, sensation in the throat, and control of the swallowing muscles
  • Vagus nerve (X): responsible for sensation and control of the muscles in the throat, chest, and abdomen
  • Accessory nerve (XI): responsible for movement of the head and shoulders
  • Hypoglossal nerve (XII): responsible for control of the tongue muscles.

Each cranial nerve has a specific function and damage or injury to any of these nerves can result in a variety of symptoms depending on the nerve affected.

Q5. Babinski Reflex

The Babinski reflex is a neurological reflex that is used to test the integrity of the central nervous system, specifically the corticospinal tract. When the sole of the foot is firmly stroked, starting from the heel and moving towards the toes, the big toe will normally flex downwards, while the other toes will flex upwards. This is known as the normal or plantar response.

However, in individuals with certain neurological conditions such as a corticospinal tract lesion, the Babinski reflex may be present. In this case, when the sole of the foot is stroked, the big toe will dorsiflex upwards and the other toes will fan outwards. This is known as the abnormal or Babinski response.

The presence of a Babinski reflex can indicate a variety of underlying neurological conditions, including spinal cord injuries, brain tumors, or multiple sclerosis. However, it is important to note that the Babinski reflex may also be present in infants under the age of two, as their nervous system is not yet fully developed.

Q6. Hemispheric Specialization

Hemispheric specialization, also known as cerebral lateralization, refers to the fact that the two halves (hemispheres) of the brain have different functions and specialize in different types of information processing.

The left hemisphere is typically associated with language processing, logical thinking, and analytical skills. It is often referred to as the “logical” or “analytical” side of the brain. The right hemisphere, on the other hand, is typically associated with creativity, intuition, and spatial awareness. It is often referred to as the “creative” or “artistic” side of the brain.

While the two hemispheres are specialized for different types of processing, they are also interconnected and work together to enable complex cognitive functions. For example, when we read, the left hemisphere processes the language, while the right hemisphere helps us to understand the meaning and context of what we are reading.

Hemispheric specialization can vary between individuals, and some people may be more strongly left- or right-brained than others. However, it is important to note that the idea of a clear-cut division between the two hemispheres has been challenged in recent years, with research suggesting that many cognitive functions involve the interaction of both hemispheres.

Q7. The Z Lens

The Z Lens is a type of camera lens that is designed specifically for use with Nikon Z-series mirrorless cameras. These lenses feature a larger mount diameter of 55mm and a shorter flange distance of 16mm, which allows for faster and more accurate autofocus, as well as better image quality.

The Z Lens lineup includes a range of prime and zoom lenses with various focal lengths, aperture ranges, and special features such as vibration reduction and weather sealing. Some of the popular Z Lens models include the NIKKOR Z 24-70mm f/2.8 S, NIKKOR Z 50mm f/1.8 S, and NIKKOR Z 14-30mm f/4 S.

One of the key benefits of using a Z Lens with a Z-series camera is the ability to take advantage of the camera’s advanced features, such as in-camera lens correction and focus shift shooting. The Z Lens also supports silent shooting, which is especially useful for photographers who need to remain discreet in quiet environments.

Overall, the Z Lens is a powerful tool for Nikon photographers who want to take their mirrorless photography to the next level.

Q8. Importance of Synapse

Synapses are crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system, as they are the junctions where one neuron communicates with another. The importance of synapses lies in their ability to transmit information between neurons, which is essential for various physiological and cognitive processes.

Here are some of the key roles that synapses play:

  • Communication: Synapses allow neurons to communicate with each other, which is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. When one neuron fires, it releases chemicals called neurotransmitters, which then bind to receptors on the receiving neuron, allowing the transmission of information.
  • Plasticity: Synapses are capable of changing their strength and connectivity, a process known as synaptic plasticity. This plasticity allows the brain to adapt and learn new information, and it is thought to be the basis of memory formation and storage.
  • Development: Synapses play a crucial role in the development of the nervous system. During early development, there is an overabundance of synapses, and those that are not used are pruned away. This process of synaptic pruning is critical for the proper wiring of the brain.
  • Disease: Synaptic dysfunction has been implicated in a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia. Understanding how synapses function and how they can become dysfunctional is therefore essential for the development of new treatments for these disorders.

In summary, synapses are critical for the proper functioning of the nervous system, and their importance lies in their ability to transmit information, exhibit plasticity, play a role in development, and be implicated in disease.

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