FREE NIOS Computer Science (330) Solved Assignment 2025-26

Q1 (a) Sunil wants to find an important email but doesn’t remember the exact details. What features can help in searching?

ANS : When Sunil needs to locate a specific email but cannot recall the exact details, he can use several search features provided by email services. The search bar allows him to type keywords, such as the sender’s name, subject line, or any word remembered from the message body. He can also apply filters like date range, attachments, unread messages, or specific folders (Inbox, Sent, etc.) to narrow the results. Advanced search options help in combining criteria — for example, “from: Ramesh has:attachment.” Some email clients also support labels, tags, and categories that make searching faster. Using these tools efficiently helps retrieve information quickly and accurately.

Q2 (a) What are the two main types of software? Explain with examples.

ANS : Software is generally classified into System Software and Application Software.
System Software manages and controls computer hardware, ensuring all components work together efficiently. It includes operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux, and utility programs like antivirus and file management tools.
Application Software, on the other hand, performs specific user-oriented tasks. Examples include MS Word for word processing, Tally for accounting, and Photoshop for image editing. While system software runs the computer and provides a platform, application software allows users to perform particular functions. Both types are essential for a fully functional computing environment.

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Q3 (a) Rewrite the following aggressive statements using assertive communication skills:
i) You never listen to instructions properly and always make mistakes.
ii) Your report is full of errors. You should redo it immediately.

ANS : Assertive Versions:

i) “I’ve noticed some mistakes that may have come from unclear instructions. Let’s go over them together to make sure everything is correct next time.”
ii) “Your report has a few errors that need correction. Please review it carefully, and let me know if you need any help improving it.”

These assertive versions focus on problem-solving rather than blame. They show respect, encourage cooperation, and maintain professionalism while addressing the issue clearly and confidently.

Q4 (a) The data processing cycle plays a crucial role in transforming raw data into meaningful information. Explain its key steps and their significance.

ANS : The data processing cycle is a systematic sequence through which raw data is collected, processed, and converted into useful information for decision-making. The key steps are:

1. Data Collection – Gathering data from various sources such as surveys, databases, or sensors. Accuracy at this stage ensures reliable results.
2. Data Input – Entering or feeding collected data into the computer system through devices like keyboards, scanners, or import tools.
3. Processing – The computer’s CPU performs calculations, comparisons, and sorting to convert raw data into meaningful form.
4. Output – The processed data is presented as reports, charts, or graphs for easy understanding.
5. Storage – Processed information is stored securely for future reference or further analysis.
6. Feedback – Reviewing results to verify accuracy and improve future data processing.

Each step is significant because it maintains the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of information, enabling organizations to make informed and efficient decisions.

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Q5 (b) What is Green Computing? How does it promote an eco-friendly computing environment?

ANS : Green Computing refers to environmentally sustainable computing practices aimed at reducing the negative impact of technology on the environment. It focuses on minimizing energy consumption, electronic waste, and carbon emissions through efficient use of computer resources.

Key strategies include using energy-efficient hardware, enabling power-saving modes, and recycling old devices responsibly. Cloud computing and virtualization help reduce physical server usage, saving electricity and space. Software optimization ensures minimal processing power is used for maximum output. Organizations also adopt policies to recycle e-waste and reduce paper usage through digital documentation.

Green Computing promotes an eco-friendly environment by conserving natural resources, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing operational costs. It encourages responsible technology usage, ensuring sustainability for future generations while maintaining productivity in the digital age.

Q.6 (a) Project: Office Setup – Computer System Installation

ANS : (Lesson 1 and 3 – Fundamentals of Computer and Office Applications)

In today’s modern world, computers have become an integral part of any office environment. They not only make work faster and more efficient but also improve accuracy, communication, and data management. Neha, a small business owner, is setting up her office and needs to install a computer system to perform daily administrative, financial, and documentation tasks. To ensure smooth functioning, she must carefully select the right computer components, software, and storage devices. This project discusses the essential devices, software, and upgrades Neha needs for her office setup.

1. Essential Input and Output Devices

To begin with, Neha must purchase basic input and output devices. Input devices help users enter data and commands into the computer, while output devices display or produce results from processed data.

Essential Input Devices:

1. Keyboard: The most important input device used to type text, numbers, and commands. Neha should choose a standard QWERTY keyboard or an ergonomic one for comfort.
2. Mouse: Used to control on-screen pointers and navigate applications. A wireless optical mouse would provide flexibility and ease of use.
3. Scanner: Useful for converting printed documents or images into digital format. This is especially important for Neha’s office to maintain electronic records.
4. Microphone: If Neha plans to conduct online meetings or voice recordings, a good-quality microphone will be necessary.

Essential Output Devices:

1. Monitor: Displays information visually. Neha can opt for an LED monitor that offers high clarity and energy efficiency.
2. Printer: A must-have for printing invoices, receipts, and reports. A multifunction printer (MFP) that includes scanning and photocopying will be ideal for a small office.
3. Speakers: Useful for video conferencing or multimedia presentations.

By setting up these devices, Neha will ensure that her office has all necessary tools for efficient communication and documentation.

1. Common Operating Systems Available

An operating system (OS) is the main software that manages all hardware and software resources on a computer. It provides a user-friendly interface and allows applications to function properly. Some common operating systems Neha can consider are:

1. Windows OS (by Microsoft): The most popular and user-friendly system, ideal for office use. Windows 10 and Windows 11 offer multitasking, file management, and high compatibility with most business software.
2. macOS (by Apple): Known for its smooth performance and strong security. Suitable if Neha uses Apple computers.
3. Linux: A free and open-source operating system that is secure and efficient. It is preferred for organizations with technical expertise.
4. Chrome OS: A cloud-based system designed mainly for online work and Google applications.

For a small business, Windows 11 Professional would be the best choice because of its flexibility, ease of use, and compatibility with most office applications like MS Office and accounting software.

iii. Software for Creating and Editing Documents

Neha needs software that enables her to create, edit, and manage office documents such as letters, reports, and invoices. The following are some suitable options:

1. Microsoft Office Suite (MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint):
   • MS Word for creating letters and reports.
   • MS Excel for data analysis, budgeting, and accounting tasks.
   • MS PowerPoint for preparing presentations.
2. Google Workspace (Docs, Sheets, Slides): A cloud-based alternative that allows real-time collaboration and document sharing.
3. LibreOffice or WPS Office: Free alternatives to Microsoft Office with similar functions for document creation and editing.

For Neha’s office, Microsoft Office 365 is ideal because it offers cloud storage, real-time sharing, and automatic updates.

1. Upgrading RAM or ROM to Increase Speed

If Neha wants to increase her computer’s speed, she should upgrade the RAM (Random Access Memory) rather than the ROM (Read-Only Memory).

Reasons:

• RAM is a temporary memory that stores data actively used by programs. Increasing RAM improves multitasking and allows the computer to run multiple applications smoothly without slowing down.
• ROM, on the other hand, is permanent memory that stores essential system instructions and cannot be changed. Upgrading ROM will not affect processing speed.

Therefore, adding more RAM (e.g., from 8GB to 16GB) will enhance system performance and responsiveness, especially when Neha uses heavy software like spreadsheets or graphic design tools.

1. Device for Scanning Documents into Digital Format

To convert paper documents into digital files, Neha should use a Scanner. A flatbed scanner would be ideal for her office because it can scan documents, photographs, and printed materials with high resolution. Alternatively, she can purchase a multifunction printer (MFP) that combines a printer, scanner, and copier in one device. This would save space and reduce costs. Many modern MFPs also allow scanning directly to email or cloud storage, making document management easier and more efficient.

1. External Device for Data Storage and Transfer

For storing large amounts of data and transferring files between computers, Neha should buy an External Hard Drive or a USB Flash Drive.

• External Hard Drive (1TB or 2TB): Provides large storage capacity for backups, documents, images, and videos. It connects via USB or Type-C port.
• USB Flash Drive (32GB or 64GB): Portable and easy to use for quick data transfer between computers.
• Cloud Storage Services (Google Drive, OneDrive): Offer online access and backup of important files without physical devices.

For long-term safety, Neha should use both an external hard drive for offline storage and cloud backup for data security.

Conclusion

Setting up a computer system requires careful planning to ensure efficiency, speed, and convenience. For her small office, Neha should purchase essential input-output devices such as a keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, and scanner. She can install Windows 11 as her operating system and use Microsoft Office 365 for document management. To improve speed, upgrading RAM will be beneficial. Finally, using a scanner for digitizing documents and an external hard drive for storage will help maintain a smooth and professional office setup. With these components, Neha’s office will be well-equipped for effective and productive operations.

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