IGNOU MHI 004 Important Questions with answers- IGNOU MHI 004 refers to the course Political Structures in India offered by Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) as part of their Master of Arts (History) program.
Course Content
IGNOU MHI 004 Important Questions with answers- The course focuses on the evolution of political structures in India from early state formation to the post-colonial period.
- Early state formation in India
- The Mauryan Empire
- The Gupta Empire
- The Delhi Sultanate
- The Mughal Empire
- The British Raj
- Post-colonial India
IGNOU MHI 004 Important Questions with answers- It covers various historical periods, including ancient, medieval, early modern, and modern India. Key topics include administrative systems, governance models, institutions, ideologies, and the impact of colonization on Indian politics.
Course details:
- Course code: MHI-004
- Course title: Political Structures in India
- Level: Master’s Degree
- School: School of Social Sciences (SOSS)
- Year: First Year
- Credits: 4
Explain the process by which social and political relations became complex in the later Vedic period
The transition from the early Vedic period (c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE) to the later Vedic period (c. 1000 BCE – 600 BCE) witnessed a significant increase in complexity in both social and political relations.
- Emergence of Settled Agriculture: Transition from pastoral nomadism to settled agriculture led to permanent settlements, larger communities, and increased wealth disparity. This fostered specialization of labor and the rise of social classes. IGNOU MHI 004 Important Questions with answers
- Iron Technology: Advancements in ironworking enhanced agricultural productivity and weaponry, further empowering powerful groups and facilitating territorial expansion.
Political Development
- Rise of Monarchies: Small tribal groups consolidated into larger “Janapadas” ruled by hereditary kings. These “Rajas” centralized power, maintained standing armies, and levied taxes, leading to a more stratified political structure.
- Decline of Tribal Assemblies: The earlier importance of tribal assemblies like “Sabha” and “Samiti” diminished as kings gained dominance. These assemblies became more exclusive and ritualistic, losing their direct role in political decision-making.
Social Transformation
- Crystallization of the Varna System: The four varnas (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras) emerged as a more rigid social hierarchy based on birth. This system determined individuals’ occupations, privileges, and social standing, leading to increased inequality. IGNOU MHI 004 Important Questions with answers
- Status of Women: The relative freedom and participation of women in the early Vedic period diminished. Polygamy became more prevalent, and female participation in rituals and religious life declined. IGNOU MHI 004 Important Questions with answers
Religious Evolution
- Increased Ritualism: Vedic rituals grew more elaborate and complex, requiring specialized knowledge and priestly control. This further enhanced the power and social prominence of Brahmins.
- Rise of Philosophical Currents: The later Vedic period saw the emergence of philosophical schools like the Upanishads that questioned ritualistic practices and explored notions of self, karma, and rebirth. These ideas impacted social perceptions and contributed to intellectual ferment.
Interregional Contacts
- Trade and Migration: Increased trade and interaction with diverse populations led to cultural exchange and borrowing of ideas, further influencing social and political structures.
Discuss the nature of chiefdoms which evolved in Tamilakam in the early historic period.
Explain the rise of territorial states in the age of Buddha.
Discuss the nature of the Mauryan state.
Explain the chief features of the Kushan state.
Analyse the socio-economic and political background which contributed to the rise of Satavahana state
Trace the rise of the Gupta power in north India in the 4th century A.D. How would you characterise Gupta polity?
Discuss the nature and social origins of polities in south India between 3rd to 6th century A.D.
Analyse the various approaches to the study of early medieval polity.
Discuss the process of state formation under the Rajputs.
Give a brief account of the views of scholars about feudalism in India.
Trace the rise and consolidation of early medieval polities in peninsular India between 6th to 8th century A.D.
Analyse the nature of political processes between 6th to 8th centuries A.D. in peninsular India.
Discuss the nature of political organisation at the local level between 8th to 12th centuries in peninsular India.
Analyse the nature of royal establishment in the political structure of peninsular India (8th to 12th century A.D.).
Analyse the various approaches to the study of early medieval polity.
Discuss the process of state formation under the Rajputs.
Give a brief account of the views of scholars about feudalism in India.