IGNOU MEG 08 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23, IGNOU MEG 08 NEW LITERATURES IN ENGLISH Free Solved Assignment 2022-23 If you are interested in pursuing a course in radio production and direction, IGNOU MEG 08 can be an excellent choice. In this article, we will take a closer look at what IGNOU MEG 08 is all about and what you can expect to learn from this course.

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IGNOU MEG 08 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23 is a course offered by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) under the School of Journalism and New Media Studies. As the name suggests, it is a course on “Production and Direction for Radio.” The course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of radio production and direction and covers various topics related to this field.
IGNOU MEG 08 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23

IGNOU MEG 08 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23

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Q1. Canada’s literary enterprise has passed through many stages. Discuss its journey and the impacts that have helped Canada to evolve its own literary traditions and identity.

Canada’s literary enterprise has a rich and complex history, marked by numerous stages and significant developments. From the country’s colonial beginnings to the present day, Canadian literature has evolved and flourished, drawing inspiration from diverse cultural and social influences. In this response, I will provide an overview of Canada’s literary journey, highlighting some of the key stages and impacts that have helped shape the country’s literary traditions and identity.

Colonial Period (1600-1763)
Canada’s literary enterprise began with the arrival of French explorers and settlers in the early 17th century. The French established a fur trade economy, and literature during this time focused on exploration and religious conversion. The earliest works written in Canada were primarily travel accounts, religious texts, and historical chronicles. The Jesuit Relations, written by French Jesuit missionaries, provide some of the earliest accounts of life in Canada and remain important historical documents to this day.

Early Nationhood (1763-1867)
After the British took control of Canada in 1763, English-language literature began to emerge. During this period, Canadian literature was heavily influenced by British Romanticism and Enlightenment ideals. Literary works during this time explored the themes of nature, identity, and nationhood. Key figures during this time include Susanna Moodie, Catherine Parr Traill, and Sir John A. Macdonald.

Modernist Period (1867-1920)
The Modernist period in Canada was marked by a renewed interest in nationalism and a desire to establish a distinct Canadian identity. Literary works during this period were characterized by a rejection of traditional forms and a focus on experimentation and individual expression. Key figures during this time include E. Pauline Johnson, Archibald Lampman, and Duncan Campbell Scott.

Post-World War II (1945-1970)
The post-World War II period in Canada was marked by a new wave of writers who sought to establish a distinct Canadian literary identity. Canadian literature during this period was characterized by a focus on the Canadian experience, including issues of identity, multiculturalism, and social justice. Key figures during this time include Margaret Atwood, Alice Munro, and Mordecai Richler.

Contemporary Period (1970-present)
The contemporary period in Canadian literature is marked by a continued focus on issues of identity, multiculturalism, and social justice, as well as a growing interest in Indigenous voices and perspectives. Canadian literature during this time has been characterized by a wide range of styles and genres, including poetry, fiction, and graphic novels. Key figures during this time include Michael Ondaatje, Dionne Brand, and Thomas King.

In terms of the impacts that have helped Canada evolve its own literary traditions and identity, there are several notable factors. Firstly, the country’s unique geography and diverse cultural landscape have provided a rich source of inspiration for Canadian writers. Secondly, the influence of colonialism and the ongoing efforts to address its legacy have been a significant theme in Canadian literature. Thirdly, the country’s literary institutions, including literary festivals, writing programs, and literary magazines, have played a vital role in supporting and promoting Canadian writers. Finally, the Canadian government’s support of the arts through initiatives such as the Canada Council for the Arts has been instrumental in promoting the growth and development of Canadian literature.

Q2. Write a detailed note to show how the literatures in English, emerging from South Asia, reflect the colonial encounter.

The literatures in English that have emerged from South Asia reflect the colonial encounter in various ways. The colonial period in South Asia began in the 16th century, with the arrival of the Portuguese, and continued until India gained independence from the British in 1947. During this period, the region experienced a significant transformation in terms of politics, society, and culture, and this transformation is evident in the literature produced during this time.

One of the most significant ways in which the colonial encounter is reflected in South Asian literature is through the use of language. English became the language of the colonizers, and it was used as the medium of instruction in schools and universities. As a result, many South Asian writers who wished to communicate their ideas to a wider audience began to write in English. This led to the emergence of a distinct genre of South Asian literature known as Anglo-Indian literature, which was characterized by its use of English as a medium of expression.

However, the use of English in South Asian literature was not without its challenges. For many writers, it was a language that was foreign to them, and they struggled to express themselves in it. This led to the emergence of a hybrid form of English that was influenced by the writers’ native languages. The resulting literature was a blend of English and South Asian languages and was characterized by a unique style and diction that reflected the cultural and linguistic diversity of the region.

Another way in which the colonial encounter is reflected in South Asian literature is through the themes and motifs that are explored in the works. Many South Asian writers used their works to explore the social and political issues that arose as a result of the colonial encounter. For example, writers such as Rabindranath Tagore, R.K. Narayan, and Mulk Raj Anand wrote extensively about the impact of colonialism on Indian society, and the struggle for independence.

Furthermore, South Asian literature also reflects the colonial encounter through the way in which it portrays the relationship between the colonizers and the colonized. Many writers portrayed the colonizers as oppressive and exploitative, and the colonized as victims of their tyranny. This is evident in works such as Salman Rushdie’s “Midnight’s Children,” which explores the legacy of British colonialism in India, and Arundhati Roy’s “The God of Small Things,” which portrays the impact of colonialism on a family in Kerala.

In conclusion, the literatures in English that have emerged from South Asia reflect the colonial encounter in various ways. The use of English as a medium of expression, the exploration of themes related to colonialism and independence, and the portrayal of the relationship between the colonizers and the colonized are just some of the ways in which the colonial encounter is reflected in South Asian literature. Despite the challenges faced by South Asian writers during this period, their works have become an important part of the region’s literary heritage and continue to be studied and appreciated by readers around the world.

Q3. Through his novel, A Grain of Wheat, Ngugi presents his views about the British colonial rule in Kenya. Discuss with examples from the text.

In his novel “A Grain of Wheat,” Ngugi wa Thiong’o provides a critical examination of the British colonial rule in Kenya. Ngugi depicts the negative impact of British colonization on Kenyan society and culture. He portrays the British as oppressive and exploitative, and highlights the struggles of the Kenyan people to achieve independence.

One of the central themes of the novel is the betrayal of the Kenyan people by their leaders, who collude with the British in the oppression of their own people. The character of Mugo, for example, represents the internalized oppression of the Kenyan people. He is a traitor who collaborates with the British colonial authorities and betrays his fellow countrymen. His betrayal is emblematic of the larger betrayal of Kenyan society by its leaders who, like Mugo, prioritize their own self-interests over the welfare of the people.

Another way that Ngugi criticizes British colonialism is through his portrayal of the Kenyan resistance movement. The novel explores the complex relationships between the members of the resistance, showing how their personal interests sometimes come into conflict with their political ideals. One example is Kihika, who is a symbol of the resistance movement’s commitment to freedom and justice. However, Kihika’s leadership style is also characterized by a certain level of authoritarianism and intolerance towards dissent, which is a reflection of the challenges facing the movement.

In addition, Ngugi depicts the British colonial authorities as being ruthless and brutal in their attempts to maintain control over Kenya. For example, the character of General R, who is in charge of the detention camps, is portrayed as a sadistic and violent figure who delights in torturing and brutalizing prisoners. His actions are indicative of the dehumanizing and violent nature of British colonialism.

Finally, Ngugi also critiques the cultural impact of British colonialism on Kenya. The novel explores the ways in which colonialism has eroded traditional Kenyan culture and identity. For example, the character of Gikonyo is shown struggling to reconnect with his cultural roots and language, which have been suppressed by the British education system.

In conclusion, “A Grain of Wheat” is a powerful critique of British colonialism in Kenya. Through his portrayal of characters and events, Ngugi highlights the negative impact of colonialism on Kenyan society, culture, and politics. The novel also shows the resilience and strength of the Kenyan people in their struggle for independence and self-determination.

Q4. Soyinka believed that an artist should not live in an ivory tower and instead should write works which were socially relevant. Discuss how A Dance of the Forests reflect his social concerns.

A Dance of the Forests is a play written by Wole Soyinka, the Nigerian Nobel laureate, and it reflects his social concerns through its portrayal of the clash between African tradition and Western modernity.

The play takes place in the mythical land of the Forest of a Thousand Daemons, where two groups of people – the Forest people and the City people – come together to celebrate the festival of the New Yam. The play explores themes such as cultural identity, colonialism, and political corruption.

Soyinka’s social concerns are evident in his depiction of the conflict between the Forest people and the City people. The City people are portrayed as being heavily influenced by Western culture, while the Forest people are more traditional and hold onto their African heritage. This conflict is a reflection of the clash between traditional African values and Western modernity, which Soyinka believed was a major social issue in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.

Furthermore, the play also addresses the issue of political corruption. The Forest people are depicted as being oppressed by their leaders, who are more concerned with their own personal gain than with the welfare of their people. This reflects Soyinka’s belief that the political system in Nigeria was corrupt and needed to be reformed.

Overall, A Dance of the Forests reflects Soyinka’s social concerns through its portrayal of the conflict between tradition and modernity, as well as its critique of political corruption. The play is an example of how Soyinka believed that artists should not live in an ivory tower but should use their art to address important social issues.

Q5. Ice-Candy Man highlights feminist concerns. Elucidate the role played by the major female characters of the novel.

Ice-Candy Man” by Bapsi Sidhwa is a novel that explores the impact of the partition of India on individuals, particularly on women. The novel highlights several feminist concerns, including gender roles, patriarchal oppression, and violence against women. The major female characters in the novel play a crucial role in advancing these feminist concerns.

1. Lenny:

Lenny is the protagonist of the novel, and the story is narrated from her perspective. She is a young girl who observes the events unfolding around her during the partition. She is intelligent, curious, and compassionate. Lenny’s character is significant in the novel because she represents the voice of reason and empathy. She questions the prejudices and biases of the people around her, and her perspective provides insight into the impact of partition on women and children.

2. Ayah:

Ayah is Lenny’s nanny, and she is an important character in the novel. She is a Muslim woman who takes care of Lenny and her brother. Ayah is a victim of patriarchal oppression and violence. She is raped during the partition, and her experience highlights the vulnerability of women during times of conflict. Ayah’s character is significant in the novel because she represents the plight of women who are victimized by patriarchal violence.

3. Shanta:

Shanta is Lenny’s Hindu friend, and she is an important character in the novel. Shanta is a spirited and intelligent girl who challenges gender roles and stereotypes. She refuses to conform to societal expectations of women and is determined to pursue an education. Shanta’s character is significant in the novel because she represents the struggle of women to break free from patriarchal oppression and achieve gender equality.

4. Ice-Candy Man’s wife:

Ice-Candy Man’s wife is a minor character in the novel, but her story is significant. She is a victim of domestic violence and abuse. She is forced to marry Ice-Candy Man, who is much older than her, and she is subjected to his violent and abusive behavior. Ice-Candy Man’s wife represents the plight of women who are trapped in abusive relationships and are unable to escape due to societal norms and expectations.

In conclusion, the major female characters in “Ice-Candy Man” play a crucial role in advancing feminist concerns. They represent the struggles and challenges faced by women in a patriarchal society, including gender roles, patriarchal oppression, and violence against women. Their stories provide insight into the impact of partition on women and children and highlight the need for gender equality and empowerment.
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Q6. A House for Mr. Biswas is a chronicle of socio-political changes vis-à-vis Trinidad society. Discuss with examples from the text.

A House for Mr. Biswas, written by V.S. Naipaul, is a novel that provides an insightful look into the socio-political changes that occurred in Trinidad society during the period of British colonialism and post-independence. Through the experiences of the protagonist, Mr. Biswas, the novel chronicles the struggles of a Trinidadian of Indian descent, as he navigates the complex social and political landscape of his time. Here are some examples from the text that illustrate the socio-political changes in Trinidad society:

British Colonialism: The novel is set during the period of British colonialism in Trinidad, and we see how this system of governance impacts the lives of the people, particularly those of Indian descent. For example, Mr. Biswas’ father was brought to Trinidad as an indentured laborer, a practice that was common during the colonial period. The novel portrays the harsh living and working conditions that indentured laborers were subjected to, as well as the discrimination and racism they faced from the ruling British elite.

The Emergence of Nationalism: The novel also captures the emergence of nationalist sentiment among the people of Trinidad, as they began to push back against colonial rule and demand greater autonomy. This is exemplified by the character of Ganesh Ramsumair, who represents the growing Indian nationalist movement in Trinidad. Ganesh is shown to be an intellectual who believes in the power of education and self-reliance to uplift the Indian community and achieve independence from British rule.

The Struggle for Identity: Another major theme in the novel is the struggle for identity faced by the people of Trinidad, particularly those of Indian descent. Mr. Biswas, for instance, struggles with his identity as an Indian Trinidadian and is constantly reminded of his otherness by the ruling British elite. He also grapples with his desire to assimilate into Trinidadian society while simultaneously trying to hold on to his Indian heritage and cultural identity.

Post-Independence Politics: The novel also touches upon the political changes that occurred in Trinidad following its independence from Britain in 1962. We see how the new political order was characterized by corruption and cronyism, as well as ethnic tensions between the Afro-Trinidadian and Indo-Trinidadian communities. This is illustrated by the character of Shama, Mr. Biswas’ wife, who becomes embroiled in the political machinations of her family and their attempts to gain power and influence in the new Trinidadian government.

In conclusion, A House for Mr. Biswas is a rich and nuanced portrayal of the socio-political changes that occurred in Trinidad society during the period of British colonialism and post-independence. Through its vivid characters and engaging narrative, the novel provides a valuable insight into the complex history of Trinidad and its people.

Q7. Language is an effective tool for exerting control and battles can be fought on the linguistic terrain. Discuss this with reference to the Caribbean colonization.

The use of language as a tool for exerting control is a well-established practice in history. Throughout history, language has been used to colonize, dominate and oppress people. The colonization of the Caribbean by European powers provides a prime example of how language was used to exert control over the colonized population.

When European powers began to colonize the Caribbean in the 16th century, they brought with them their language, culture, and religion. The Spanish, French, and English established their respective colonies and imposed their language on the indigenous population. This language imposition served to marginalize the indigenous languages, effectively silencing the voices of the colonized.

The colonizers also used language to justify their domination and exploitation of the Caribbean people. They portrayed the indigenous population as primitive, uncivilized, and in need of European guidance. The colonizers used their language to portray themselves as superior and to reinforce the power imbalance between themselves and the colonized.

Moreover, the colonizers used language to impose their cultural values and religious beliefs on the Caribbean population. The colonizers established schools and churches, where they taught their language, culture, and religion. This imposition of language and culture served to alienate the colonized from their own traditions, further cementing the power imbalance.

The Caribbean colonization also witnessed the use of language in the resistance against the colonizers. The enslaved African population in the Caribbean used their language to create a new form of communication, blending African and European languages, to communicate among themselves and to resist their enslavement. This language, known as Creole or Patois, became a symbol of resistance against the colonizers.

In conclusion, the Caribbean colonization provides a vivid example of how language was used as a tool for exerting control. The imposition of European language, culture, and religion served to marginalize the indigenous population, justify their exploitation, and cement the power imbalance between the colonizers and the colonized. However, the use of language in resistance by the enslaved African population demonstrates the power of language to fight battles on linguistic terrain.

Q8. Critically analyse the poem ‘Ananse’ by Edward Brathwaite.

“Ananse” is a poem by Edward Brathwaite, a Caribbean poet, and scholar, published in his collection “The Arrivants” in 1967. The poem is a powerful retelling of the Ananse story, a popular African folktale character known for his cunning and trickery.

The poem is structured in four stanzas, each of which describes a different aspect of Ananse’s character and actions. The first stanza introduces Ananse as a trickster, “the man-spider”, who weaves his webs to trap and deceive his victims. The second stanza shows Ananse’s cruelty, as he destroys the lives of those who cross him. The third stanza shows Ananse’s greed, as he hoards all the treasures he has gained through his trickery. The final stanza concludes with a warning about Ananse’s power, suggesting that he is a force to be reckoned with.

Brathwaite’s use of language and imagery in “Ananse” is striking. He employs metaphors, similes, and allusions to create a vivid picture of Ananse’s character and actions. For instance, Ananse is compared to a “sly mongoose”, a “red herring”, and a “wolf in sheep’s clothing”, emphasizing his deceitful nature.

Moreover, the poem’s language and imagery highlight the historical and cultural significance of Ananse as a symbol of resistance against oppression. The poem shows Ananse as a subversive figure who uses his cunning to outsmart his oppressors. This is especially evident in the second stanza, where Ananse’s cruelty is directed towards the “master” who has enslaved him. By turning the tables on his oppressor, Ananse becomes a powerful figure who inspires others to resist.

Overall, “Ananse” is a thought-provoking and engaging poem that offers a powerful commentary on the nature of power, resistance, and identity. It is a reminder of the importance of storytelling and the enduring relevance of myth and folklore in shaping our understanding of the world.

Q9. Write a detailed note on myth, symbol and allegory present in The Solid Mandala.

“The Solid Mandala” is a novel written by Australian author Patrick White, which explores the complexities of the human condition through the lives of two brothers, Waldo and Arthur Brown. The novel is full of myth, symbol, and allegory that help to illustrate the characters’ internal struggles and the themes of the novel.

Myth is a traditional story that explains natural phenomena, historical events, or cultural practices, and it often involves gods, goddesses, and supernatural beings. In “The Solid Mandala,” the mythic element is present in the characters’ search for meaning and their attempts to make sense of the world around them. The characters are struggling with the existential question of what their lives mean, and they are trying to find answers to this question through various means, such as religion, art, and philosophy. For example, Waldo Brown’s obsession with creating the “solid mandala” is a metaphor for his search for meaning and order in his life. The mandala represents the universe, and Waldo believes that by creating a perfect mandala, he can achieve a state of enlightenment and transcendence.

Symbolism is the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. In “The Solid Mandala,” there are many symbols that represent the characters’ inner lives and the themes of the novel. For example, the two brothers’ last name, Brown, is a symbol for the earthy, grounded nature of their characters. Waldo’s obsession with creating the solid mandala is a symbol for his desire for perfection and order in his life. The mandala represents the universe, and Waldo believes that by creating a perfect mandala, he can achieve a state of enlightenment and transcendence. The color white is also a symbol in the novel, representing purity, innocence, and transcendence.

Allegory is a story in which characters and events are used to represent abstract ideas and moral qualities. In “The Solid Mandala,” the characters and events in the novel are used to represent the struggles and themes of the human condition. For example, Waldo Brown’s creation of the solid mandala is an allegory for the human desire for perfection and order in a chaotic and imperfect world. The brothers’ relationship is an allegory for the human struggle to connect with others and find meaning and purpose in life. The characters’ interactions with their mother and father are also allegories for the ways in which parents shape their children’s lives and identities.

In conclusion, “The Solid Mandala” is a novel rich in myth, symbol, and allegory that explores the complex nature of the human condition. The characters’ search for meaning and their struggles with identity, connection, and transcendence are universal themes that are brought to life through the use of these literary devices. Patrick White’s masterful use of language and imagery creates a rich and compelling work that continues to resonate with readers today.

Q10. Discuss The Stone Angel as a novel of awakening citing examples from the text.