IGNOU ECO 09 Solved Assignment 2022-23

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IGNOU ECO 09 Solved Assignment 2022-23

We provide handwritten PDF and Hardcopy to our IGNOU and other university students. There are several types of handwritten assignment we provide all Over India. ECO 09 Money, Banking and Financial Institutions Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free We are genuinely work in this field for so many time. You can get your assignment done – 8130208920

Important Note – IGNOU ECO 09 Solved Assignment 2022-2023  Download Free You may be aware that you need to submit your assignments before you can appear for the Term End Exams. Please remember to keep a copy of your completed assignment, just in case the one you submitted is lost in transit.

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Submission Date :

  • 31st March 2033 (if enrolled in the July 2033 Session)
  • 30th Sept, 2033 (if enrolled in the January 2033 session).

All questions are compulsory.

1. Discuss the various motives for holding money. Is demand for money a function of the level of income and the rate of interest?

Functions of Money

Economists define money via four of its basic functions. These functions will help us understand the importance and need of money as far as the economy is concerned.

Unit of Account

Say you went to a shop and started browsing around. You see the price of the products on display. They are all expressed in terms of money (rupees in this case). The cake is a hundred rupee, the pencil is ten rupees, the sneakers are a thousand rupees and so on. So as you can see, money is the basic unit of account or measurement of everything in an economy.

It is very important to have a uniform unit of account in an economy. The barter system does not work in all cases. So it is highly efficient and convenient to have a uniform base for all transactions, i.e. money. It is the foundation of every economic transaction happening anywhere around the world.

Medium of Exchange

This is what most economists consider the most important function of money. Money has the ability to satisfy all your unlimited needs and wants. You want the cake, or the pencil, or the sneakers, or all of them. The money will give you the ability to buy it all.

One can argue you can also barter for the goods. But then you would have to have some service or product that the shop owner wants. And it also has to be of equal value. Say the shop owner wants 5 pairs of socks in exchange for the sneakers but you do not possess them. Then you cannot buy the sneakers. The exchange can only take place if there is a double coincidence of wants. This is why money is of such essence, it makes these transactions possible with minimum effort and maximum ease.

Store Value

Money means liquidity, i.e. it is the most liquid asset. It is the most convenient way to store wealth since you can use to buy any goods or products directly. It requires no conversion. This is what we call the store value of money.

If one was to store their wealth in other commodities, like gold or shares, there is a risk. These commodities do not have a stable value. However, money does not fluctuate in value, it’s value/worth remains stable. This is one of the biggest advantages of storing the value in money or currency.

Standard for Deferred Payment

Deferred payment is any payment that is to be made in the future. Like if you have taken a loan or buy goods on credit. The payment of these transactions has to be made on some date in the future. So these amounts are measured in terms of money. And they are ultimately paid in money as well. This is because the value of money remains stable in any economy. And so one of the most important functions of money.

Demand for Money

We will be seeing here the Keynesian approach for calculating the demand for money. Money is the most liquid asset in the world. We can exchange it for any commodity or service and so people prefer to hold on to their cash. But then there is also the opportunity cost of money. Instead of preferring liquidity if the money was invested it would earn interest. And so the demand for money is the balance between these two motives.

Transaction Motive

Money is a medium of exchange and this function of it’s gives rise to the transactional motive for demand for money. We regularly need money to pay for goods and services. And such financial transactions can be of two types – income motive and business motive.

The income motive is to bridge the gap between the receipt of the income and its eventual disbursement. And the business motive is to bridge the gap between the time when costs are incurred and the time when you receive the sale proceeds. If these time gaps are smaller, the person will hold less cash for his transactions and vice versa.

2. What purposes arc being served by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank and its affiliates?

The main difference between the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank lies in their respective purposes and functions. The IMF oversees the stability of the world’s monetary system, while the World Bank’s goal is to reduce poverty by offering assistance to middle-income and low-income countries.

Both organizations are based in Washington, D.C., and were established as part of the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1945. The Bretton Woods Agreement was a monetary and exchange rate management system that attempted to encourage international financial cooperation through the introduction of a system of convertible currencies at fixed exchange rates, with the dollar trading for gold at $35 per ounce.

Comprised of 189 member countries including the United States, the International Monetary Fund has a primary mission to ensure monetary stability around the world. Member countries work together to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, and promote employment and economic growth. It also aims to reduce poverty around the world.

The IMF maintains its mission in three ways. First, it keeps track of the global economy and those of its member countries. The group employs a number of economists who monitor member countries’ economic health. Each year, the IMF provides each country with an economic assessment.

Secondly, it gives practical assistance to members by providing policymakers to help plan fiscal policies, coming up with tax and fiscal legislation, along with overseeing the economy through analysis. Finally, the IMF lends money to countries with balance of payments difficulties. It provides this financial assistance as long as the borrowing country implements initiatives suggested by the IMF.

Founded at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944, the two institutions have complementary missions. The World Bank Group works with developing countries to reduce poverty and increase shared prosperity, while the International Monetary Fund serves to stabilize the international monetary system and acts as a monitor of the world’s currencies. The World Bank Group provides financing, policy advice, and technical assistance to governments, and also focuses on strengthening the private sector in developing countries. The IMF keeps track of the economy globally and in member countries, lends to countries with balance of payments difficulties, and gives practical help to members.  Countries must first join the IMF to be eligible to join the World Bank Group; today, each institution has 189 member countries.

The World Bank Group

The World Bank Group is one of the world’s largest sources of funding and knowledge for developing countries. Its five institutions share a commitment to reducing poverty, increasing shared prosperity, and promoting sustainable development.

Together, IBRD and IDA form the World Bank, which provides financing, policy advice, and technical assistance to governments of developing countries.  IDA focuses on the world’s poorest countries, while IBRD assists middle-income and creditworthy poorer countries. 

IFC, MIGA, and ICSID focus on strengthening the private sector in developing countries.  Through these institutions, the World Bank Group provides financing, technical assistance, political risk insurance, and settlement of disputes to private enterprises, including financial institutions.

The International Monetary Fund

The IMF works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.

The IMF’s primary purpose is to ensure the stability of the international monetary system—the system of exchange rates and international payments that enables countries and their citizens to transact with each other. It does so by keeping track of the global economy and the economies of member countries, lending to countries with balance of payments difficulties, and giving practical help to members.

3. Explain clearly the main source of agricultural credit in India. How far the nationalised banks have been able to meet the credit needs of the farmers?

4. What is credit creation? Explain how banks can create credit. What are the limitations of credit creation?

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IGNOU ECO 09 Solved Assignment 2022-2023 We provide handwritten PDF and Hardcopy to our IGNOU and other university students. There are several types of handwritten assignment we provide all Over India. ECO 09 Money, Banking and Financial Institutions Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free We are genuinely work in this field for so many time. You can get your assignment done – 8130208920

IGNOU ECO 09 Solved Assignment 2022-23

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5 Write short notes on the following:
(a)Milton Friedman’s Quantity Theory of Money
(b)Nationalization of Commercial Banks
(c) Control of Credit
(d)Unit Trust of India

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IGNOU Instructions for the ECO 09 Money, Banking and Financial Institutions Solved Assignment 2022-23

IGNOU ECO 09 Solved Assignment 2022-2023 Download Free  Before attempting the assignment, please read the following instructions carefully.

  1. Read the detailed instructions about the assignment given in the Handbook and Programme Guide.
  2. Write your enrolment number, name, full address and date on the top right corner of the first page of your response sheet(s).
  3. Write the course title, assignment number and the name of the study centre you are attached to in the centre of the first page of your response sheet(s).
  4. Use only foolscap size paperfor your response and tag all the pages carefully
  5. Write the relevant question number with each answer.
  6. You should write in your own handwriting.



GUIDELINES FOR IGNOU Assignments 2022-23

IGNOU ECO 09 Solved Assignment 2022-23 You will find it useful to keep the following points in mind:

  1. Planning: Read the questions carefully. IGNOU ECO 09 Assignment 2022-23 Download Free Download PDF Go through the units on which they are based. Make some points regarding each question and then rearrange these in a logical order. And please write the answers in your own words. Do not reproduce passages from the units.
  2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analytic before drawing up a rough outline of your answer. In an essay-type question, give adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion. IGNOU ECO 09 Solved Assignment 2022-2023 Download Free Download PDF The introduction must offer your brief interpretation of the question and how you propose to develop it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the course of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as this will add some depth to your analysis.
  3. Presentation: IGNOU ECO 09 Solved Assignment 2022-2023 Download Free Download PDF Once you are satisfied with your answers, you can write down the final version for submission, writing each answer neatly and underlining the points you wish to emphasize.

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ECO 09 Handwritten Assignment 2022-23

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