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MANE 003 Solved Assignment 2021-22
Course Code: MANE 003
Assignment Code: MANE 003/AST/TMA/2021-22
Total Marks: 100
Note: There are two sections ‘A’ and ‘B’. Attempt five questions and at least two questions from each section. All questions carry equal marks. The word limit for 20 marks question is 500 words and for 10 marks question it is 250 words.
SECTION- A
1. Define Ethnography. Discuss the history and growth of ethnography with emphasis on the British and Chicago Schools. 20
Ethnography, descriptive study of a specific human society or the method of creating such a study. Contemporary ethnography is predicated almost entirely on fieldwork and requires the entire immersion of the anthropologist within the culture and lifestyle of the people that are the topic of his study.
There has been some confusion regarding the terms ethnography and ethnology. The latter, a term more widely utilized in Europe, encompasses the analytical and comparative study of cultures generally , which in American usage is that the academic field referred to as social anthropology (in British usage, social anthropology). Increasingly, however, the excellence between the 2 is coming to be seen as existing more in theory than actually . Ethnography, by virtue of its intersubjective nature, is necessarily comparative. as long as the anthropologist within the field necessarily retains certain cultural biases, his observations and descriptions must, to a particular degree, be comparative. Thus the formulating of generalizations about culture and therefore the drawing of comparisons inevitably become components of ethnography.
The description of other ways of life is an activity with roots in past . Herodotus, the Greek traveler and historian of the 5th century BC, wrote of some 50 different peoples he encountered or heard of, remarking on their laws, social customs, religion, and appearance. Beginning with the age of exploration and continuing into the first 20th century, detailed accounts of non-European peoples were rendered by European traders, missionaries, and, later, colonial administrators. The reliability of such accounts varies considerably, because the Europeans often misunderstood what they saw or had a vested interest in portraying their subjects but objectively.
Contemporary ethnographies usually adhere to a community, instead of individual, focus and consider the outline of current circumstances instead of historical events. Traditionally, commonalities among members of the group are emphasized, though recent ethnography has begun to reflect an interest within the importance of variation within cultural systems. Ethnographic studies are not any longer restricted to small primitive societies but can also specialise in such social units as urban ghettos. The tools of the ethnographer have changed radically since Malinowski’s time. While detailed notes are still a mainstay of fieldwork, ethnographers have taken full advantage of technological developments like motion pictures and tape recorders to reinforce their written accounts.
Modern anthropologists usually identify the establishment of ethnography as knowledgeable field with the pioneering work of both the Polish-born British anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski within the Trobriand Islands of Melanesia (c. 1915) and therefore the American anthropologist Mead , whose first fieldwork was in Samoa (1925). Ethnographic fieldwork has since become a kind of rite of passage into the profession of social anthropology . Many ethnographers reside within the field for a year or more, learning the local language or dialect and, to the best extent possible, participating in lifestyle while at an equivalent time maintaining an observer’s objective detachment. This method, called participant-observation, while necessary and useful for gaining a radical understanding of a far off culture, is in practice quite difficult. even as the anthropologist brings to things certain inherent, if unconscious, cultural biases, so is also he influenced by the topic of his study. While there are cases of ethnographers who felt alienated or maybe repelled by the culture they entered, many—perhaps most—have come to spot closely with “their people,” an element that affects their objectivity. additionally to the technique of participant-observation, the contemporary ethnographer usually selects and cultivates close relationships with individuals, referred to as informants, who can provide specific information on ritual, kinship, or other significant aspects of cultural life. during this process also the anthropologist risks the danger of biased viewpoints, as those that most willingly act as informants frequently are individuals who are marginal to the group and who, for ulterior motives (e.g., alienation from the group or a desire to be singled out as special by the foreigner), may provide aside from objective explanations of cultural and social phenomena. A final hazard inherent in ethnographic fieldwork is that the ever-present possibility of cultural change produced by or resulting from the ethnographer’s presence within the group.
2. Discuss the feminists’ approach in writing ethnography. 20
3. Examine David M. Schneider portrayal of kinship in American Kinship: A Cultural Account 20
4. Critically examine the changing patterns of stratification as presented by Andre Beteille in his work Caste, Class and Power: Changing Patterns of Stratification in a Tanjore Village. 20
5. Write short notes referring to the ethnographies discussed in the course: 10+10
a. Death in Banaras
b. Institution of marriage as described in Notes on love in a Tamil Family
SECTION-B
6. Analyse ‘Being a Macho’ in in the ethnography The Meaning of Macho: Being a Man in Mexico City. 20
7. Focusing on rites de passage, analyse the aspects of Ndembu rituals as described in Victor Turner’s ethnography The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. 20
8. Critically examine the ethnography India’s Changing Villages by S.C. Dube. 20
9. Focusing on gender identities, analyse the ethnography Life Cycle, Gender and Status among the Himalayan Pastoralists. 20
10. Write short notes referring to the ethnographies discussed in the course: 10+10
a. Construction of gender in Neither Man nor Woman: The Hijras of India
b. Margaret Mead
IGNOU MANE 003 Solved Assignment 2021-22 : Gandhi National Open University had recently updated this session of 2021-22 Master’s in Anthropology assignments on their official university website. we’ve made your work easy by making the solved assignments directly on one portal so as that students can easily get the solved assignments in one go. Students are advised to download their Master’s in Anthropology IGNOU Assignments from this webpage itself with none hassle.
GUIDELINES FOR MANE 003 Solved Assignment:-
You will find it useful to keep the following points in mind:
1. Planning: Read the questions carefully. Go through the units on which they are based. Make some points regarding each question and then rearrange these in a logical order. And please write the answers in your own words. Do not reproduce passages from the units.
2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analytic before drawing up a rough outline of your answer. In an essay-type question, give adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion. The introduction must offer your brief interpretation of the question and how you propose to develop it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the course of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as this will add some depth to your analysis.
Please ensure the following before submitting your assignment :
1. Your enrolment number, name and address have been written correctly.
2. The title of the course and assignment number has been written clearly.
3. Each assignment on each course has been written on separate sheets and pinned properly.
4. All the questions in a particular section should be answered before attempting the next
section.
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