IGNOU MHI-10 Important Questions with answers- MHI-10 stands for “Urbanisation in India” and is a course offered by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) under the Master of Arts (History) program.
- Course Title: Urbanisation in India (MHI-10)
- Language: English and Hindi
- Credits: 4
Course Structure
- Introduction to Urban History
- The Earliest Cities in the Subcontinent
- Early Historic Cities
- Urbanisation in Medieval India
- Early Modern Cities
- Colonial Cities
- Post-Colonial Urbanisation
- Contemporary Urban Challenges
Course Content
- Introduction to Urban History
- The Earliest Cities in the Subcontinent
- Early Historic Cities
- Urbanisation in Medieval India (Parts 1 & 2)
- Early Modern Cities
- Colonial Cities (Parts 1 & 2)
- Post-Independence Urbanisation
- Contemporary Urban Challenges and Issues
Q1.WHAT ARE THE RAILWAYS AND RAILWAYTOWNS ?
IGNOU MHI-10 Important Questions with answers English Medium- The British were the pioneersin railway building and became major exporters ofwagons and locomotives during the second half ofthe 19 th century. They developed the railways in India to facilitate the movement ofBritish manufactured goodsinto the country and the export ofraw materialsfrom India. The import ofrailway equipment and skilled 1 0 manpower to run the railwayswas a consequence. The railways were built on a substantial scale and imported a large number oflocomotives and wagons until 1947, although the Tata Iron & SteelCompany began providing the railways with wagons after protective tariffs were introduced by the Government of India during the 1920s. It has been estimated that only700 locomotives were built in India between 1865 and 1941 while 12,000 were imported. IGNOU MHI-10 Important Questions with answers
Therefore the railways did not lead to the development of an indigenous manufacturing sector in steel and engineering that could have led to modernisation and urbanisation, although, asIan Kerr has argued, even the production of 700 locomotives in India revealed itsimmense technological possibilities. Rajat Ray has argued that if India had been an independent country, railway development could have promoted rapid industrialisation by the early twentieth century. Like the Army, the railways were major employers and instruments of colonial modernisation and domination. The introduction ofrailways immediatelyled to the decline ofmany centres of artisanalproduction in the late 19 th century,since the railway network in India, primarily connected a raw material-producing hinterland to coastal cities. The decline oftraditional industry in Rajasthan was delayed because the railways did not reach the region until the FirstWorldWar. Yet, centres ofraw material production in the interior were connected with the major ports at Bombay, Madras and Calcutta, giving rise to market townsin the interiors. IGNOU MHI-10 Important Questions with answers
When the SouthernMahratta Railroad commenced operations along short segments ofline in 1884-85 it enhanced the existing differences between Dharwar and Hubli and centralised economic functions in the latter town. In Dharwar, cart hire services disappeared, its population grew slowly to only 31,270 at the 1901 census and it became a purely local market. Hubli, on the other hand, nearly doubled its 1881 population to 60,214 in 1901, and by 1907, the city employed 40,000 persons in 19 factories. Ofthem, halfwere employed in the workshops ofthe Southern Mahratta Railway, and about 1300 or 1400 in the two mills ofthe Southern Maratha Weaving and Spinning Company.
According to Gumperz, „The handloom industry survived primarily in the city in workshop-like arrangements where yarn wassupplied to the weavers on credit by a jobber who sold the finished product, deducting the cost ofsupplies. Thus the handloomweavers had lost control oftheir capitalin the city, while the countrydevoted itself almost entirely to commercialagriculture.‟ (Gumperz, 1974: 591) It has been argued that the sub-optimal alignments ofthe early railroads were the product of „the arrogant belief that traffic would come to the railways rather than vice versa.‟
IGNOU MHI-10 Important Questions with answers – (Derbyshire, 2007: 291) Lines were built on the shortest routes between „obligatory points‟like Delhi,Agra, Kanpur and Allahabad in the United Provinces. The East Indian Railway built its line in such a way that only seven of the thirty six stations between Allahabad and Delhiwere near a town. Railway stations were five to ten miles away fromKhurja, Hathras and Bulandshahr though they were market townsthat could have been linked on this route: they were bypassed because the British wanted to get enough clean water, acquire land at low cost and „to site stations at a distance
Q2.WHAT IS The Issue of Planning ?
Q3.WHO WERE THE NEW ASSOCIATIONAL PRACTICES ?
Q4.WHAT IS IDEA OF MEDIEVAL CITIES IN EUROPE ?
Q5.WHAT IS Recent Data and New Interpretation ?
Q6.WHAT IS EMERGENCE OF EARLY HISTORIC URBAN CENTRES ?
Q7.WHAT IS SURVEYS AND EXCAVATIONS OF EARLY HISTORIC URBAN
CENTRES ?
Q8.WHAT IS TECHNOLOGIES OF THE MODERN ?
Q9.WHAT IS THE CITYAS THE SPACE OFTHE MODERN ?
Q10.WHAT IS IRRIGATIONANDCANALCOLONIES ?
Q11.WHAT IS CANTONMENTS ?
Q12.WHAT IS THE END OFTHE HARAPPAN CITIES ?
Q13.WHAT IS ‘URBAN’AND ‘RURAL’AS CATEGORIES ?
Q14. WHAT ARE THE URBAN ORIGINS ?
Q15.WHAT IS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EARLY URBANISM ?