IGNOU MEG 18 AMERICAN POETRY Free Solved Assignment 2022-23

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IGNOU MEG 18 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23, IGNOU MEG 18 AMERICAN POETRY Free Solved Assignment 2022-23 If you are interested in pursuing a course in radio production and direction, IGNOU MEG 16 can be an excellent choice. In this article, we will take a closer look at what IGNOU MEG 18 is all about and what you can expect to learn from this course.

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IGNOU MEG 18 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23 is a course offered by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) under the School of Journalism and New Media Studies. As the name suggests, it is a course on “Production and Direction for Radio.” The course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of radio production and direction and covers various topics related to this field.

 

IGNOU MEG 18 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23

Q1. Trace the history of colonialism in America.

Colonialism in America began in the late 15th century with the arrival of Christopher Columbus and continued for centuries with the establishment of colonies by various European powers. The following is a brief timeline of the major events in the history of colonialism in America:

1492: Christopher Columbus, sailing under the auspices of the Spanish crown, lands in the Caribbean and claims the land for Spain.

1500s: The Spanish establish colonies throughout South and Central America, including what is now Mexico, Peru, and Chile. They also establish the first permanent European settlement in what is now the United States, St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565.

1607: The English establish their first successful colony in America with the founding of Jamestown, Virginia.

1620: The Pilgrims, a group of English Separatists, arrive in what is now Massachusetts and establish the Plymouth Colony.

1630s: The Puritans, another group of English Separatists, establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

1664: The English capture the Dutch colony of New Netherland, which includes what is now New York City.

1670: The English establish the colony of Carolina.

1732: James Oglethorpe founds the colony of Georgia as a refuge for debtors and as a buffer zone between the Carolinas and Spanish Florida.

1754-1763: The French and Indian War is fought between the French and their Native American allies and the English and their Native American allies. The English emerge victorious and gain control of French Canada and most of the land east of the Mississippi River.

1765-1783: The American Revolution is fought between the 13 British colonies and Great Britain. The colonies win their independence and become the United States of America.

19th century: The United States expands westward, acquiring land from France (Louisiana Purchase, 1803), Mexico (Mexican-American War, 1846-1848), and through treaties and displacement of Native American populations.

20th century: The United States becomes a global superpower and asserts its influence in various parts of the world, including Latin America, through military interventions, economic policies, and cultural exchange.

Overall, the history of colonialism in America is complex and multifaceted, marked by both cooperation and conflict between the colonizers and the indigenous populations, as well as between the different European powers vying for control of the continent. The legacy of colonialism is still felt today in various ways, including in issues related to race, identity, and power dynamics.

Q2. Discuss the contributing texts of American Poetry to the canon.

American poetry has a rich and diverse history that spans several centuries and includes contributions from a multitude of voices and styles. Here are some of the most significant texts that have contributed to the American poetry canon:

  • “Song of Myself” by Walt Whitman: This poem is often considered one of the most important works in American literature. Whitman’s free-verse style and celebration of the individual self broke new ground in poetry and had a profound influence on subsequent poets.
  • “The Waste Land” by T.S. Eliot: This modernist masterpiece is widely regarded as one of the most important poems of the 20th century. Its fragmented structure and themes of disillusionment and cultural decay captured the mood of post-World War I Europe and influenced generations of poets.
  • “Howl” by Allen Ginsberg: This poem, which was at the center of a landmark obscenity trial in the 1950s, is a seminal work of the Beat generation. Its frank and explicit portrayal of homosexuality and drug use was controversial at the time, but it also helped to break down barriers in poetry and society at large.
  • “Ariel” by Sylvia Plath: This posthumous collection of poems is often considered Plath’s masterpiece. Its dark and confessional tone, as well as its use of vivid and often surreal imagery, has had a profound influence on subsequent generations of poets.
  • “The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes”: Hughes was a key figure in the Harlem Renaissance, and his poetry celebrated the beauty and complexity of African American life. This collection brings together his most important works and serves as a testament to his lasting impact on American literature.
  • “Leaves of Grass” by Walt Whitman: This collection of poems, which was published in several editions over the course of Whitman’s lifetime, is a sprawling celebration of democracy, nature, and the individual self. Its free-verse style and celebration of the ordinary and everyday helped to usher in a new era of American poetry.
  • “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” by T.S. Eliot: This poem, which is often considered a masterpiece of modernist poetry, captures the sense of alienation and anxiety that characterized life in the early 20th century. Its fragmented structure and psychological depth were groundbreaking at the time and continue to influence poets today.
  • “The Dream Songs” by John Berryman: This collection of poems, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1965, is a complex and often surreal exploration of the psyche. Berryman’s use of slang, humor, and musicality helped to break down the boundaries between high and low culture in poetry.
  • “The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson”: Dickinson is widely regarded as one of the greatest American poets of all time, and this collection brings together her entire body of work. Her spare and elliptical style, as well as her themes of mortality, nature, and the soul, have had a profound influence on generations of poets.

These texts represent just a small sampling of the many important works that have contributed to the American poetry canon. Together, they demonstrate the richness, diversity, and enduring power of American poetry.

Q3. How does Phillis Wheatley raise her black woman’s voice in the poem “On Being Brought from American to America”?

Phillis Wheatley’s poem “On Being Brought from Africa to America” is a powerful statement about the experience of being an enslaved Black woman in America. In the poem, Wheatley speaks from her own perspective, using her own voice to reflect on her life as an enslaved person.

One way that Wheatley raises her voice is through the use of irony. She begins the poem by acknowledging that she was brought from Africa to America as a slave, but she goes on to praise the fact that she has been introduced to Christianity in America. This is ironic because Christianity was often used as a tool of oppression against enslaved people, and yet Wheatley uses it as a source of empowerment.

Wheatley also raises her voice through the use of imagery. She describes herself as “a sable race” and contrasts her skin color with the “blushing white” of the people who enslaved her. By doing so, she highlights the injustice and cruelty of slavery and draws attention to the ways in which Black people were dehumanized and marginalized in American society.

Finally, Wheatley raises her voice through the use of language. Her poetry is sophisticated and polished, and she draws on a wide range of literary and cultural references to make her point. By demonstrating her skill as a poet, she challenges the stereotypes and prejudices that were often used to justify slavery and oppression.

Overall, Wheatley’s poem is a powerful example of how a Black woman can use her voice to speak truth to power and challenge the status quo. By drawing on her own experiences and using her talent as a poet, she makes a powerful statement about the need for justice and equality for all people.

Q4. Discuss some of the major figures of American Enlightenment.

The American Enlightenment was a period of intellectual ferment in the thirteen colonies in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, characterized by an emphasis on reason, science, and individual rights. During this time, many influential thinkers emerged who helped shape American society and politics.

Some of the major figures of the American Enlightenment include:

  • Benjamin Franklin: Perhaps the most well-known figure of the American Enlightenment, Franklin was a scientist, inventor, and statesman who played a crucial role in the founding of the United States. He is famous for his experiments with electricity and for his role as one of the drafters of the Declaration of Independence.
  • Thomas Jefferson: Another key figure in the American Enlightenment, Jefferson was a statesman and philosopher who played a central role in the American Revolution and the founding of the United States. He is perhaps best known for his role in drafting the Declaration of Independence and for his belief in individual rights and democracy.
  • John Adams: Adams was a statesman, lawyer, and philosopher who played a leading role in the American Revolution and the early years of the United States. He is perhaps best known for his role in negotiating the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Revolutionary War.
  • James Madison: A key figure in the development of the United States Constitution, Madison was a statesman and philosopher who played a leading role in the drafting and ratification of the Constitution. He is perhaps best known for his advocacy of a strong federal government and for his role in drafting the Bill of Rights.
  • John Locke: Although not American himself, Locke was an influential philosopher whose ideas played a major role in the American Enlightenment. His emphasis on individual rights and the social contract helped shape American political thought.
  • Thomas Paine: A political activist and pamphleteer, Paine played a key role in shaping American public opinion during the Revolutionary War. His pamphlet “Common Sense” argued for American independence and helped rally support for the revolutionary cause.
  • Alexander Hamilton: Hamilton was a statesman and economist who played a key role in shaping American economic policy in the early years of the United States. He is perhaps best known for his advocacy of a strong federal government and for his role in founding the first national bank of the United States.

These figures, among others, helped shape American society and politics during the Enlightenment period and continue to be celebrated as important historical figures today.

Q5. Write a critical note on Thoreau’s “Walden”.

“Walden” is a classic work of American literature written by Henry David Thoreau. While the book is widely celebrated for its depiction of simple living and self-reliance, there are also some critical notes that can be made about its content and ideas.

One potential issue with “Walden” is that it reflects a very specific time and place in American history. Thoreau’s experiment in living off the land was undertaken in the mid-19th century, in a rural area near Concord, Massachusetts. While Thoreau’s experiences are interesting and informative, they may not be applicable or relevant to modern readers living in different circumstances or environments.

Another criticism of “Walden” is that it presents a somewhat one-sided view of nature and human society. Thoreau is critical of modern civilization and its excesses, but he also tends to romanticize the natural world and overlook its harsh realities. He suggests that the natural world can provide all of the necessities of life, but in reality, human beings rely on complex social and economic systems to meet their needs.

Some readers have also criticized Thoreau’s ideas on social and political issues. While he was an abolitionist and a critic of slavery, he was also somewhat indifferent to other social justice issues of his time, such as women’s rights and workers’ rights. He believed that individuals should focus on improving themselves rather than trying to change society as a whole, which some readers find narrow-minded or even elitist.

Overall, “Walden” remains an important and influential work of literature, but it is not without its flaws and limitations. While readers can certainly learn from Thoreau’s experiences and ideas, they should also approach the book with a critical and nuanced perspective.

Q6. Critically examine Harlem Renaissance in the context of early twentieth century American Poetry.

The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement that took place in the 1920s and 1930s in Harlem, New York City. It was a time of artistic, literary, and intellectual creativity among African Americans, who sought to define their cultural identity and challenge the racial stereotypes and discrimination of the time. The movement had a profound impact on American poetry and literature as a whole, and its influence is still felt today.

The early twentieth century was a time of great change in America. The country was emerging from World War I, and the social and economic upheavals of the era were giving rise to new ideas and movements. The Harlem Renaissance was one such movement, and it represented a bold and visionary attempt by African Americans to assert their cultural identity and reclaim their place in American society.

The Harlem Renaissance was characterized by a flowering of African American culture, with a focus on the arts, literature, and music. Many of the leading figures of the movement were poets, and their work reflected the themes and concerns of the time. These themes included racial identity, social justice, and the struggle for civil rights.

One of the most important poets of the Harlem Renaissance was Langston Hughes, whose work explored the experiences of African Americans in a society that was often hostile and discriminatory. Hughes’s poetry was characterized by its simplicity and directness, and it spoke to a wide audience of African Americans who were hungry for representation and recognition.

Another important figure of the Harlem Renaissance was Countee Cullen, whose work was known for its formal elegance and classical allusions. Cullen’s poetry dealt with themes of race and identity, but it also explored the beauty and complexity of the African American experience.

The Harlem Renaissance was also characterized by its diversity, with poets coming from a wide range of backgrounds and experiences. Some, like Hughes and Cullen, were born in America, while others came from the Caribbean or Africa. This diversity helped to create a rich and vibrant literary scene, and it ensured that the poetry of the Harlem Renaissance was both diverse and inclusive.

In conclusion, the Harlem Renaissance was a transformative period in American poetry and literature, and it had a profound impact on the cultural and social landscape of the country. The movement represented a bold and visionary attempt by African Americans to assert their cultural identity and reclaim their place in American society, and its influence is still felt today. The poetry of the Harlem Renaissance was characterized by its diversity, its directness, and its beauty, and it continues to inspire and challenge readers to this day.

Q7. Discuss the role of John Crowe Ransom in 20th Century American Poetry.

John Crowe Ransom was an American poet, essayist, and literary critic who played a significant role in 20th-century American poetry. He was a central figure in the literary movement known as the New Criticism, which emphasized close reading and analysis of literary texts, as well as the importance of formal structure and technique in poetry.

Ransom was a leading member of the Fugitives, a group of poets and writers based in Nashville, Tennessee, who rejected the modernist literary trends of the early 20th century and instead championed a return to traditional literary values. The Fugitives included other prominent poets such as Allen Tate and Robert Penn Warren.

Ransom’s poetry is known for its formal elegance, wit, and irony, and often explores themes of modernity and the loss of traditional values. His most famous poem, “Bells for John Whiteside’s Daughter,” is a poignant elegy for a young girl who died tragically.

As a critic, Ransom was influential in shaping the direction of American poetry in the mid-20th century. He championed the importance of form and structure in poetry, arguing that a poem’s meaning is inseparable from its formal elements. He also emphasized the importance of literary tradition and the need for poets to engage with the works of past masters.

Ransom’s impact on American poetry was significant, both through his own poetry and his critical work. He helped establish the New Criticism as a dominant critical approach and inspired generations of poets and critics to engage with formal structure and technique in their own work.

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