FREE IGNOU BPSC 131 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download

IGNOU BPSC 131 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free , BPSC 131 INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL THEORY Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free : FREE IGNOU BPSC 131 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download , IGNOU BPSC 131 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free , BPSC 131 Assignment 2022-23 , BPSC 131 Assignment , BPSC 131 INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL THEORY Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free IGNOU Assignments 2022-23- Political Science Assignment 2022-23 Gandhi National Open University had recently uploaded the assignments of the present session for BA Political Science Programme for the year 2022-23. Students are recommended to download their Assignments from this webpage itself. Study of Political Science is very important for every person because it is interrelated with the society and the molar values in today culture and society. IGNOU solved assignment 2022-23 ignou dece solved assignment 2022-23, ignou ma sociology assignment 2022-23 meg 10 solved assignment 2022-23 ts 6 solved assignment 2022-23 , meg solved assignment 2022-23 .



IGNOU BPSC 131 Solved Assignment 2022-23

We provide handwritten PDF and Hardcopy to our IGNOU and other university students. There are several types of handwritten assignment we provide all Over India. BPSC 131 INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL THEORY Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free We are genuinely work in this field for so many time. You can get your assignment done – 8130208920

Important Note – IGNOU BPSC 131 Solved Assignment 2022-2023 Download Free You may be aware that you need to submit your assignments before you can appear for the Term End Exams. Please remember to keep a copy of your completed assignment, just in case the one you submitted is lost in transit.

Download Question Paper 

Submission Date :

  • 31st March 2033 (if enrolled in the July 2033 Session)
  • 30th Sept, 2033 (if enrolled in the January 2033 session).

There are three Sections in the Assignment. You have to answer all questions in the
Sections.

Answer the following in about 500 words each in section I and Each question carries 20 marks.

Answer the following questions in about 250 words each in section II and Each question carries 10 marks.

Answer the following questions in about 100 words each in section III and Each question carries 6 marks

SECTION – I


Q.1. Write a note on politics as a political activity.

All Department of Justice employees are subject to the Hatch Act, 5 U.S.C. 7323(a) and 7324(a), which generally prohibits Department employees from engaging in partisan political activity while on duty, in a federal facility or using federal property.  Political activity is activity directed toward the success or failure of a political party, candidate for partisan political office, or partisan political group. The statute carries serious penalties including REMOVAL from federal employment.
The Hatch Act applies to all federal employees; however, application of its restrictions is broken down into two groups, based on position.

“Less restricted” employees, including most career employees in the executive branch, are able to participate actively in political management or partisan political campaigns, while off-duty, outside a federal facility and not using federal property.

“Further restricted” employees are held to stricter rules that preclude active participation in political management or partisan political campaigns, even off-duty. The following Department of Justice employees are “further restricted” by statute: all career Senior Executive Service (SES) employees; administrative law judges; employees in the Criminal Division, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the National Security Division; and criminal investigators and explosives enforcement officers in ATF. Further restricted employees may not campaign for or against candidates or otherwise engage in political activity in concert with a political party, a candidate for partisan political office, or a partisan political group.

Considering the Department’s mission, it has been determined that, as a matter of Department policy, all political appointees will be subject to the rules that govern “further restricted” employees under the Hatch Act to ensure there is not an appearance that politics plays any part in the Department’s day to day operations.  Guidance to all Department employees is provided in two memoranda from the Assistant Attorney General for Administration, dated August 30, 2022, one to career employees and one to non-career appointees.

The Attorney General has issued an additional memo for non-career appointees.

Any Department employees who have questions beyond what is included here should consult their component’s ethics official.

Less restricted employees may:

  • Be candidates for public office in nonpartisan elections
  • Register and vote as they choose
  • Assist in voter registration drives
  • Contribute money to political campaigns, political parties or partisan political groups
  • Attend political fundraising functions
  • Attend and be active at political rallies and meetings
  • Join and be an active member of political clubs or parties
  • Hold office in political clubs and parties
  • Sign and circulate nominating petitions
  • Campaign for or against candidates in partisan elections



IGNOU BPSC 131 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free We provide handwritten PDF and Hardcopy to our IGNOU and other university students. There are several types of handwritten assignment we provide all Over India. BPSC 131 INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL THEORY Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free We are genuinely work in this field for so many time. You can get your assignment done – 8130208920

 

IGNOU Handwritten Hardcopy , WhatsApp – 8130208920


Q.2. Examine if political theory is dead.

In the middle of the twentieth century, many observers readily wrote an obituary of political theory. Some spoke of its decline. Others proclaimed its death. One referred to political theory as being in the doghouse. This dismal view is because the classical tradition in political theory is, by and large, loaded with value judgements beyond the control of empirical testing. The criticism of normative theory came from logical positivists in the 1930s and from behaviouralism, subsequently. Easton contends that since political theory is concerned with some kind of historical form, it had lost its constructive role. He blames William Dunning, Charles H. Mcllwain, and George M. Sabine for historicism in political theory. This kind of political theory has dissuaded students from a serious study of value theory. 

In the past, theory was a vehicle whereby articulate and intelligent individuals conveyed their thoughts on actual direction of affairs and offered for serious consideration, some ideas about the desirable course of events. In this way, they revealed to us the full meaning of their moral frame of reference. Today, however, the kind of historical interpretation with which we are familiar in the study of political theory has driven from the latter its only unique function; that of constructively approaching a valuational frame of reference. In the past, theory was approached as an intellectual activity whereby the student could learn how he was to go about exploring the knowable consequences and, through them, the ultimate premises of his own moral outlook. Scrutiny of the works by American political theorists reveals that their authors have been motivated less by an interest in communicating such knowledge than in retailing information about the meaning, internal consistency and historical development of past political values.

Dunning in his three volumes entitled A History of Political Theories(1902) set the tone for research in political theory. This training as a historian enables him to approach political theory primarily as offering problems of historical change and to unfold the role of political ideas in this process. As a result political theory, for Dunning, becomes a historical account of the conditions and consequences of political ideas. He seeks to uncover the cultural and political conceptions of an age and to isolate the influences of these ideas, in turn, on the social conditions. 

Easton describes Dunning as a historicist, for he deflects political theory from moral considerations and consciously avoids dealing with moral issues in a purely historical context. Dunning perceives political theory as essentially historical research into issues that arise from observation of political facts and practices. He confines his study to the legal rather than the ethical dimensions of political life, though subsequently his students broadened it to encompass theories of political activity. He considers moral views as a product of caprice, dogmas without justification and hence, not worthy of analysis or interpretation. He neglects the meaning and logical consistency of ideas.

Mcllwain’s The Growth of Political Thought in the West (1932) uses historical research, for he regards political ideas as an ‘effect rather than an influential interacting part of social activity’. Being virtual ciphers in the changing patterns of actual life, ideas can have meaning only as a

part of a history of theories in which ideas may condition, subsequent ideas, but in which they leave no impact upon action. Political theory is construed here as a branch of the sociology of knowledge, which deals primarily with the circumstances shaping knowledge as it has varied over time. The task of the political theorist is to show the way in which a social milieu moulds and shapes political thought. It is concerned with the exclusively empirical task of uncovering the determinants of ideology.

Sabine’s A History of Political Theory (1939) has singularly influenced studies in political theory more than any other book written during the thirties. Like Dunning and Mcllwain, Sabine considers the historical study of theory as an appropriate approach to the subject matter. The impression that one gets from the book and from a description of his method is ‘that a historical study of theory provides its own self-evident justification’. Sabine combines the approach of both Dunning and Mcllwain. Like Dunning, he believes that political thought is a part of the political process which interacts and influences social action. He shares Mcllwain’s belief that it is necessary to describe and analyse moral judgement in each theory as these are the determining factors in history and not mere rationalisations of an activity. Moral judgements are not inferior to factual propositions as Dunning contends. Though Sabine reiterates Dunning’s interpretation of the relation between ideas and action, he differs in his conception of the nature of history of political theory by his emphasis on the role of ethical judgement.




SECTION – II


Q1. What are J.S. Mill’s notions of Liberty’? Explain.

John Stuart Mill, a 19th century philosopher and political economist, is known for his contributions to liberal political theory, including his ideas about liberty.

In his famous work, “On Liberty,” Mill argues that individual liberty is of the utmost importance. He contends that individuals should be free to think, act, and express themselves in any way they choose, as long as they do not harm others. This principle is known as the harm principle and is considered the foundation of Mill’s philosophy of liberty.

According to Mill, the harm principle holds that “the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.” He argues that individuals should be free to make their own choices and take responsibility for the consequences of those choices, as long as those choices do not harm others.

Mill also emphasizes the importance of individuality and self-expression. He argues that individuals should be free to express their unique thoughts, beliefs, and opinions without fear of censorship or repression. He contends that the exchange of ideas, even those that are considered offensive or unpopular, is essential for the growth and development of a free and open society.


Q2. Discuss equality of opportunity.

Ans. Equality of opportunity is the idea that all individuals should have an equal chance to succeed, regardless of their background or circumstances. This principle is often applied to the job market and education system, where it suggests that everyone should have the same access to jobs, education, and training, regardless of their race, gender, religion, socioeconomic status, or other characteristics.

In practice, achieving equality of opportunity can be difficult, as individuals may have different starting points and face different barriers to success. For example, a child from a low-income family may have fewer resources and less access to high-quality education than a child from a wealthy family, which can make it more difficult for the former to succeed in the job market.

To promote equality of opportunity, various policies and programs have been proposed, including:

  • Increasing access to education and training, particularly for disadvantaged groups
  • Affirmative action policies, which are designed to increase the representation of underrepresented groups in education and the workforce
  • Policies to address poverty, such as welfare programs or increasing the minimum wage
  • Eliminating discrimination and bias in hiring, promotion, and other employment practices.

Equality of Opportunity is complement with Equality of outcome, which is the idea that everyone should have the same end results, regardless of their background or circumstances. However, it is important to note that both Equality of outcome and Equality of opportunity are related but different concepts and having both in place is desirable

While the concept of equality of opportunity is widely accepted, there is often debate about the best way to achieve it in practice. Some argue that policies that aim to promote equality of outcome, such as redistributive taxation or universal basic income, are more effective at promoting equality of opportunity than policies that focus on increasing access to education and training.

 


Q3. Elaborate upon justice as a term of synthesis.

Ans. – The term “justice” is often used as a synthesis or a way to bring together different concepts and principles. In this sense, justice can be thought of as a way to reconcile or balance competing values or interests.

In political philosophy, justice is a central concept that is often used to evaluate the fairness and moral correctness of various social institutions and practices. Different theories of justice propose different criteria for what constitutes a just society. For example, John Rawls’s “theory of justice as fairness” argues that a society is just if its basic institutions are arranged so as to maximize the welfare of the least advantaged members of society. On the other hand, Robert Nozick’s “Anarchy, State, and Utopia” presents a libertarian view of justice in which individuals have the right to do as they please as long as they respect the rights of others, as well as minimal state would be there to protect those rights.

In legal system, justice is often associated with the idea of fairness and the rule of law. A just legal system is one in which laws are applied impartially, without discrimination or bias, and in which the rights of all individuals are protected. The concept of “fair trial” or “due process” is seen as central to the justice system.

In ethics and morality, justice is often linked to the idea of fairness and treating others as one would like to be treated. This can manifest in the form of ideas like the Golden Rule and the Categorical Imperative.

In all these contexts, justice is often considered a normative or ideal concept, meaning that it represents an ideal standard against which actual social institutions and practices can be evaluated. There can be many different perspectives on what constitutes justice and these perspective can change over time and across cultures.


GET IGNOU Handwritten Hardcopy , WhatsApp – 8130208920


SECTION – II


Q1. Theory of Natural Rights

The theory of natural rights is a political and philosophical idea that certain rights are innate to human beings and are not dependent on any particular government or society. These rights are considered to be natural, in the sense that they are not granted by any external authority, but rather are inherent to human nature. According to this theory, individuals have certain natural rights simply by virtue of being human, and these rights cannot be taken away by any government or other external force.

One of the most famous formulations of the theory of natural rights can be found in the Declaration of Independence of the United States, which states that all men are “endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” This statement asserts that these rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are not granted by the government, but rather are inherent to human beings.

The theory of natural rights has been influential in the development of liberal political thought and the concept of individual rights. It has also been used to justify the limitation of government power and the protection of individual freedom.

One of the most notable philosopher that developed the theory of natural rights was John Locke. In his two treatises of Government, he explains that human beings have natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and that government should exist to protect those rights. He argued that if the government fails to do so, the people have the right to overthrow it and establish a new government that will protect their rights.

It’s worth noting that there are critiques of natural rights theory as well. Some argue that the concept of natural rights is inherently problematic, as it is not clear what criteria should be used to determine which rights are natural and which are not. Others point out that the idea of natural rights is often used to justify the interests of those in power, rather than to protect the rights of all people.

Overall, the theory of natural rights is an important and influential idea in political philosophy and has played an important role in the development of liberal democracy and the protection of individual rights. But it has also been criticized and its application and implementation, as well as its concept may be debated.


Q2. Substantive democracy
Q3. Gender mainstreaming as a strategy
Q4. Libertarian theory of citizenship
Q5. Censorship


Get BPSC 105 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free Now  here from this website.

GET SOLVED PDF – Click Here


 

IGNOU Instructions for the BPSC 131 Assignment 2022-23

IGNOU BPSC 131 Solved Assignment 2022-2023 Download Free  Before attempting the assignment, please read the following instructions carefully.

  1. Read the detailed instructions about the assignment given in the Handbook and Programme Guide.
  2. Write your enrolment number, name, full address and date on the top right corner of the first page of your response sheet(s).
  3. Write the course title, assignment number and the name of the study centre you are attached to in the centre of the first page of your response sheet(s).
  4. Use only foolscap size paperfor your response and tag all the pages carefully
  5. Write the relevant question number with each answer.
  6. You should write in your own handwriting.



[ads_color_box color_background=”#ffdd00″ color_text=”#000000″]GUIDELINES FOR IGNOU Assignments 2022-23[/ads_color_box]

IGNOU BPSC 131 Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free You will find it useful to keep the following points in mind:

  1. Planning: Read the questions carefully. IGNOU BPSC 131 Assignment 2022-23 Download Free Download PDF Go through the units on which they are based. Make some points regarding each question and then rearrange these in a logical order. And please write the answers in your own words. Do not reproduce passages from the units.
  2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analytic before drawing up a rough outline of your answer. In an essay-type question, give adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion. IGNOU BPSC 131 Solved Assignment 2022-2023 Download Free Download PDF The introduction must offer your brief interpretation of the question and how you propose to develop it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the course of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as this will add some depth to your analysis.
  3. Presentation: IGNOU BPSC 131 Solved Assignment 2022-2023 Download Free Download PDF Once you are satisfied with your answers, you can write down the final version for submission, writing each answer neatly and underlining the points you wish to emphasize.

IGNOU Assignment Front Page

The top of the first page of your response sheet should look like this: Get IGNOU Assignment Front page through. And Attach on front page of your assignment. Students need to compulsory attach the front page in at the beginning of their handwritten assignment.

ENROLMENT NO: ………………………………….

NAME: …………………………………………………

ADDRESS: ………………………………………………

COURSE TITLE: ………………………………………

ASSIGNMENT NO: …………………………………

STUDY CENTRE: ……………………………………

DATE: …………………………………………………



BPSC 131 Handwritten Assignment 2022-23

IGNOU BPSC 131 Assignment 2022-23 – We provide handwritten PDF and Hardcopy to our IGNOU and other university students. BPSC 131 INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL THEORY Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free Download PDF There are several types of handwritten assignment we provide all Over India. BPSC 131 INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL THEORY Solved Assignment 2022-23 Download Free Download PDF We are genuinely work in this field for so many time. You can get your assignment done –8130208920



BUY PDF & Handwritten

  • Solved PDF Cost – @50 rs per Paper / Subject
  • Handwritten Hardcopy – @350 rs per paper/ subject

WhatsApp – 8130208920

Leave a Comment