IGNOU BPCC 113 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23, IGNOU BPCC 113 UNDERSTANDING AND DEALING WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS Free Solved Assignment 2022-23 If you are interested in pursuing a course in radio production and direction, IGNOU BPCC 113 can be an excellent choice. In this article, we will take a closer look at what IGNOU BPCC 113 is all about and what you can expect to learn from this course.

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IGNOU BPCC 113 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23 is a course offered by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) under the School of Journalism and New Media Studies. As the name suggests, it is a course on “Production and Direction for Radio.” The course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of radio production and direction and covers various topics related to this field. IGNOU BPCC 113 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23

IGNOU BPCC 113 Free Solved Assignment 2022-23

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Assignment One

Q1. Explain schizophrenia with a focus in its symptoms

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that affects an individual’s thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior. It is a severe illness that can impact a person’s ability to function in daily life. The symptoms of schizophrenia can be classified into three categories: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive symptoms.

Positive symptoms are the most visible symptoms of schizophrenia and include hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking. Hallucinations are sensory experiences that are not real and can include hearing voices, seeing things that aren’t there, feeling things that don’t exist, or smelling odors that aren’t present. Delusions are fixed beliefs that are not based in reality and can include beliefs that someone is after them, that they are being controlled by outside forces, or that they have special abilities or powers. Disordered thinking can cause speech to be incoherent or illogical, making it difficult for others to understand what the person is saying.

Negative symptoms are less visible and include a lack of motivation, social withdrawal, and an inability to experience pleasure or joy. People with schizophrenia may have difficulty expressing emotions, which can make them seem indifferent or apathetic. They may also lack the motivation to complete daily tasks, such as bathing, eating, or working. Social withdrawal can cause people with schizophrenia to isolate themselves from others and have difficulty forming relationships.

Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia include difficulty with memory, attention, and decision-making. People with schizophrenia may have trouble with short-term memory and have difficulty remembering information. They may also struggle with decision-making, finding it challenging to choose between different options.

In summary, schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that affect a person’s thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior. These symptoms can be broadly classified into three categories: positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking), negative symptoms (lack of motivation, social withdrawal, and an inability to experience pleasure), and cognitive symptoms (difficulty with memory, attention, and decision-making).

Q2. Explain behaviour modification with a focus on its principles, procedure, techniques and limitations.

Behavior modification is a therapeutic approach that aims to change an individual’s behavior using the principles of learning theory. It involves identifying problem behaviors and replacing them with more desirable ones through a system of rewards and punishments.

Principles: Behavior modification is based on the principles of operant conditioning, which involves manipulating the consequences of a behavior to increase or decrease its frequency. This approach emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior. Positive reinforcement involves rewarding a behavior to increase its frequency, while negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior. Punishment involves introducing an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior.

Procedure: The first step in behavior modification is to identify the problem behavior that needs to be changed. Next, a specific goal is set for the desired behavior, and a plan is developed to achieve it. This plan typically involves providing rewards or punishments for specific behaviors, with the aim of encouraging the individual to adopt more positive behaviors. The plan is then implemented and monitored over time to ensure its effectiveness.

Techniques: Behavior modification uses a variety of techniques to change behavior, including positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, shaping, modeling, and token economies. Positive reinforcement involves providing a reward when the desired behavior is performed, while negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus when the desired behavior is performed. Punishment involves introducing an unpleasant stimulus when an undesired behavior is performed. Shaping involves gradually rewarding behaviors that are closer and closer to the desired behavior until the desired behavior is achieved. Modeling involves using a role model to demonstrate the desired behavior. Token economies involve providing tokens or points for desired behaviors, which can be exchanged for rewards.

Limitations: While behavior modification can be effective in changing behavior, it has some limitations. One limitation is that it focuses on the external manifestation of behavior and may not address underlying psychological or emotional issues. Another limitation is that it may be less effective for complex behaviors or for individuals with developmental or intellectual disabilities. Additionally, behavior modification can be perceived as controlling or manipulative, which may lead to resistance or resentment from the individual being treated.

Assignment Two

Q3. Describe the causal factors of unipolar mood disorders.

Unipolar mood disorders, also known as major depressive disorders, are complex mental health conditions that can be caused by a variety of factors. While the exact causes of these disorders are not fully understood, several factors have been identified as potential contributors. Some of the main causal factors of unipolar mood disorders include:

• Genetics: Family history and genetics can play a significant role in the development of mood disorders. Studies have shown that people with a family history of depression are more likely to develop the condition themselves.
• Biochemical factors: Imbalances in certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, can lead to unipolar mood disorders. These chemicals help regulate mood, and when they are not functioning properly, it can lead to depressive symptoms.
• Environmental factors: Traumatic life events, such as abuse, neglect, loss of a loved one, or a significant life change, can trigger depression in some people. Chronic stress, isolation, or a lack of social support can also contribute to the development of depression.
• Cognitive factors: Negative thinking patterns and distorted beliefs about oneself, the world, and the future can also contribute to the development of depression. These patterns can be learned or developed in response to life experiences.
• Physical health: Chronic illnesses, such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease, can increase the risk of depression. In addition, some medications, such as certain blood pressure medications and steroids, can also contribute to depression.

It is important to note that depression is a complex disorder, and each person’s experience with the condition is unique. While these factors can increase the risk of developing depression, not everyone who experiences them will develop the condition. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of depression, it is important to seek help from a mental health professional.

Q4. Explain cluster C personality disorders.

Cluster C personality disorders are a group of personality disorders characterized by anxious or fearful behaviors. There are three types of Cluster C personality disorders:

• Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD) People with AVPD have a pervasive fear of rejection, criticism, and humiliation, which makes them feel inadequate and insecure. They often avoid social situations and close relationships because they fear being judged, ridiculed, or rejected.
• Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) People with DPD have a pervasive fear of being alone and a need for reassurance from others. They may have difficulty making decisions or taking responsibility for themselves, and they often rely on others to meet their emotional and physical needs.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) People with OCPD have a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control, which can interfere with their ability to be flexible and adaptable. They may have difficulty completing tasks or making decisions because they are excessively focused on details and rules.

All of these disorders are characterized by chronic and inflexible patterns of behavior that cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. They can be treated with therapy, medication, or a combination of both.

Q5. Elucidate drug use and dependence disorder.

Psychotherapy is a form of mental health treatment that involves working with a trained therapist to address psychological, emotional, and behavioral issues. It is a talk therapy that helps individuals understand their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors, and work towards resolving conflicts and improving their well-being.

Psychotherapy is different from counseling and guidance in a few key ways. While counseling and guidance may also involve talking with a professional about personal issues, they tend to focus on specific problems or situations and finding practical solutions. For example, counseling may be used to help someone cope with a recent loss or adjust to a major life change. Guidance may be used to help someone make a decision about their career or education.

Psychotherapy, on the other hand, is typically more open-ended and exploratory. It may be used to address a broader range of issues, including long-standing emotional or behavioral patterns, relationship difficulties, and mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety. Psychotherapy sessions may focus on the past, present, or future, and may involve a variety of techniques such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoanalysis, or humanistic therapy.

Overall, while counseling and guidance tend to be more focused on problem-solving and practical solutions, psychotherapy is a more comprehensive approach that can help individuals gain deeper insight into themselves and their emotions, and work towards lasting positive change.

Q7. Describe the features and stages of short term psychotherapies.

Short-term psychotherapies are brief interventions aimed at addressing specific mental health issues within a limited number of sessions. These therapies typically last between 6 and 20 sessions, and they focus on helping clients develop coping skills, improve their mood, and reduce their symptoms.

The features of short-term psychotherapies can vary depending on the specific approach used by the therapist. However, some common features of these therapies include:

• Time-limited: Short-term psychotherapies are typically limited to a specific number of sessions, usually between 6 and 20.
• Goal-oriented: These therapies are focused on achieving specific goals, such as reducing symptoms, improving coping skills, or enhancing interpersonal relationships.
• Active: Short-term psychotherapies involve active participation from both the therapist and the client. Clients are expected to take an active role in the therapy process by setting goals, engaging in homework assignments, and practicing new skills outside of sessions.
• Empirically supported: Many short-term psychotherapies have been extensively researched and have been found to be effective in treating specific mental health issues.

The stages of short-term psychotherapies can also vary depending on the approach used by the therapist. However, some common stages include:

• Assessment: In the assessment stage, the therapist will gather information about the client’s symptoms, history, and current life situation. This information will help the therapist develop a treatment plan that is tailored to the client’s needs.
• Goal-setting: In the goal-setting stage, the therapist and client will work together to establish specific, achievable goals for the therapy process.
• Intervention: In the intervention stage, the therapist will use a variety of techniques to help the client achieve their goals. These techniques may include cognitive-behavioral strategies, interpersonal therapy, or psychodynamic approaches.
• Termination: In the termination stage, the therapist and client will review the progress that has been made and prepare for the end of therapy. The therapist may provide the client with additional resources, such as self-help materials or referrals to other professionals if necessary.

Q8. Discuss the key concepts in gestalt therapy.

Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the importance of the present moment and the holistic experience of the individual. The approach was developed by Fritz Perls, Laura Perls, and Paul Goodman in the 1950s and 1960s.

The key concepts in gestalt therapy include:

• Holism: Gestalt therapy sees the individual as a whole entity rather than as separate parts. This means that therapy focuses on the person’s thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and physical experiences as an interconnected system.
• Awareness: Gestalt therapy emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and encourages clients to be present and mindful in the moment. Through this process, individuals become more attuned to their internal experiences and can better understand how their thoughts and feelings influence their behavior.
• Contact: Gestalt therapy stresses the importance of contact between the individual and their environment. This means that therapy focuses on the individual’s relationships with others, their surroundings, and the world around them.
• Here and now: Gestalt therapy emphasizes the importance of focusing on the present moment rather than the past or future. By staying present, individuals can better understand their current experiences and develop a greater sense of self-awareness.
• Unfinished business: Gestalt therapy recognizes that individuals often carry unfinished emotional experiences from their past that can interfere with their present lives. By addressing these unresolved issues, individuals can gain a greater sense of closure and move forward with their lives.
• The paradoxical theory of change: Gestalt therapy recognizes that change often occurs through acceptance and awareness rather than through active efforts to change. By accepting and being present with their experiences, individuals can gain new insights and perspectives that lead to personal growth and change.

Overall, gestalt therapy emphasizes the importance of the individual’s experience in the present moment, the interconnectedness of their thoughts, feelings, and behavior, and the role of self-awareness and acceptance in personal growth and change.

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