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FREE IGNOU BPSC 133 Solved Assignment 2023-24 | COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

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IGNOU BPSC 133 Question Paper

Assignment I

Answer the following questions in about 500 words each.

Q1. Describe the important methods of comparison in the study of political science.

In political science, comparing different political systems, institutions, behaviors, and outcomes is essential for understanding patterns, making predictions, and drawing conclusions. Several methods of comparison are commonly employed in the study of political science:

Case Studies: Case studies involve an in-depth analysis of one or more specific cases (such as countries, regions, or political events) to understand their unique characteristics, dynamics, and outcomes. Researchers often use case studies to illustrate theoretical concepts, identify causal mechanisms, and generate hypotheses for further testing.

Cross-national Comparative Analysis: This method involves comparing political phenomena across different countries or regions to identify similarities, differences, and patterns. Cross-national comparative analysis allows researchers to assess the impact of different political systems, cultures, institutions, and policies on political outcomes such as democracy, economic development, and governance.

Quantitative Comparative Analysis (QCA): QCA involves the systematic comparison of large datasets using statistical techniques to identify causal relationships between variables. Researchers use quantitative methods such as regression analysis, correlation, and multivariate analysis to test hypotheses and measure the strength and direction of relationships between political variables.

Historical Comparison: Historical comparison involves analyzing political phenomena over time to understand their evolution, continuity, and change. By examining historical trends, events, and processes, researchers can identify long-term patterns, causal mechanisms, and critical junctures that shape political development.

Comparative Institutional Analysis: This method focuses on comparing the structure, functions, and performance of political institutions (such as legislatures, executives, judiciaries, and electoral systems) across different countries or regions. Comparative institutional analysis helps researchers understand how variations in institutional design and arrangements affect political behavior, decision-making, and outcomes.

Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA): QCA involves comparing cases based on qualitative data, such as textual documents, interviews, and observations. Researchers use qualitative methods such as content analysis, discourse analysis, and grounded theory to identify patterns, themes, and causal mechanisms underlying political phenomena.

Experimental Comparison: Experimental comparison involves designing controlled experiments to test hypotheses and evaluate the effects of specific interventions, policies, or treatments on political outcomes. While less common in political science due to ethical and practical constraints, experimental comparison can provide valuable insights into causal relationships and policy effectiveness.

Process Tracing: Process tracing involves tracing the causal mechanisms and pathways through which political phenomena unfold over time. Researchers use process tracing to identify key events, decisions, and actors that shape political outcomes and to assess the validity of causal claims derived from other comparative methods.

By employing these methods of comparison, political scientists can gain a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics and variations within political systems and contribute to the development of theory, policy, and practice in the field of political science.

Q2. Discuss the different type of functions performed by political parties in democratic systems.