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Contents
MPYE 004 Solved Assignment 2021-22
Note:
i) Give answer of all five questions.
ii) All five questions carry equal marks.
iii) The answer of questions no. 1 and 2 should be in about 500 words.
1. How does existentialism define ‘human being’? Critically evaluate this existentialist’s definition of human being. 20
Or
Explain and examine the idea of intellectual dynamism. 20
DYNAMISM . In philosophy, dynamism is “the system, theory, or doctrine which seeks to elucidate the phenomena of the universe by some immanent force or energy” (Oxford English Dictionary). within the study of faith , dynamism is that the theoretical viewpoint that finds a universal, immanent force or energy underlying—either logically or chronologically—all religious (and/or magical) beliefs, practices, and sorts of association. This viewpoint has also been referred to as animatism, preanimism, dynamistic preanimism, and, very occasionally, predeism.
Religious dynamism received its most precise theoretical formulation at the start of the 20 th century, especially within the writings of R. R. Marett, Konrad T. Preuss, and Marcel Mauss. It contributed to the waning of the evolutionistic animism then prevalent and exerted an excellent deal of influence on both the study of religions generally and therefore the study of certain cultural areas, but within the end it succumbed to criticism. In its classic form it finds no advocates today. a number of its elements, however, stick with varying degrees of vitality.
Before Preanimism
Dynamism was formulated as a theoretical alternative to other proposed theories on the origin of faith . Its conceptual configurations took shape from contemporary general attitudes toward religion and other human cultural phenomena, from current theories against which it reacted, and from ethnographic data that had surfaced within the nineteenth century.
Nineteenth-century thought on religion was dominated, by and enormous , by the thought of evolution, its procedures by a historical, generally noncontextual comparison of surface features arranged in logical progression. Each of the several theories advanced along these lines took its name from the stage of faith it posited as earliest: fetishism, naturism, totemism, manism, animism, then forth.
Dynamism reacted most on to the view that at its earliest, religion comprised a belief during a multitude of supernatural, personal beings with whom citizenry interacted. the foremost popular such theory, first formulated by British ethnologist E. B. Tylor in Primitive Culture (1873), counted both human souls and independent spirits among those beings, and was called animism (from the Latin anima; hence “preanimism”). In developing his theory, Tylor deliberately neglected emotion in favor of intellect. In his view, animistic beliefs were originally explanatory: the assumption in souls explained phenomena like life and death, dreams, and apparitions; spirits formed elements during a full-blown theory of private causation. an identical theory, manism, proposed by British social thinker Spencer (Principles of Sociology, 1876), derived all higher religious forms from a belief in ghosts (manes). The work of James G. Frazer stood during a more ambiguous reference to dynamism. On the one hand, R. R. Marett called The Golden Bough the best compendium of preanimistic phenomena ever compiled. On the opposite , many of Frazer’s interpretations were held suspect. Frazer conceived a stepwise development between religion and magic. In discussing magic, he emphasized external, immutable, and mechanical sequences of events, or laws, disregarding any possible efficient cause. Taboo he saw as a sort of negative magic, while religion developed within the wake of magic’s failure and posited the existence of potent superhuman beings whose wills one had to propitiate.
2. Discuss the idea of self in Nyaya, Buddism and Advaita Philosophy. 20
Or
What is animal symbolicum? Do you agree that we can define human as ‘symbolusing animal’. Give reason to your answer. 20
3. Give answer of any two questions in about 250 words each. 2*10= 20
a) Compare Plato’s and Aristotle’s idea of Soul. 10
b) Examine Locke’s understanding of Personal Identity. 10
c) How does Martin Buber differentiate between `I-Thou’ and ‘I-It’. Explain. 10
d) Elaborate Skinner’s idea of planned society. 10
4. Give answer of any four questions in about 150 words each. 4*5= 20
a) Do you agree with the claim that philosophy is anthropology? Give you arguments. 5
b) Compare Oppressive and Liberative understanding of Human Person. 5
c) Explain Heidegger’s idea of ‘Concern’. 5
d) “Animal identity is preserved in identity of life, and not of substance.” Discuss. 5
e) Differentiate between ‘freedom from’ and ‘freedom for’. 5
f) How does Gabriel Marcel reject Cartesian dualism? 5
5. Write short notes on any five in about 100 words each. 5*4= 20
a) Dasein 4
b) The Butterfly Affect 4
c) Somatic Death 4
d) ‘Being-towards-death’ in Heidegger’s Philosophy 4
e) Sartre’s notion of death 4
f) Marcel’s idea of availability 4
g) Absurdity 4
h) Direct Judgment as a movement 4
IGNOU MPYE 004 Solved Assignment 2021-22 : Gandhi National Open University had recently updated this session of 2021-22 MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY (MAPY) assignments on their official university website. we’ve made your work easy by making the solved assignments directly on one portal so as that students can easily get the solved assignments in one go. Students are advised to download their MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY (MAPY) IGNOU Assignments from this webpage itself with none hassle.
GUIDELINES FOR MPYE 004 Solved Assignment:-
You will find it useful to keep the following points in mind:
1. Planning: Read the questions carefully. Go through the units on which they are based. Make some points regarding each question and then rearrange these in a logical order. And please write the answers in your own words. Do not reproduce passages from the units.
2. Organisation: Be a little more selective and analytic before drawing up a rough outline of your answer. In an essay-type question, give adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion. The introduction must offer your brief interpretation of the question and how you propose to develop it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question. In the course of your answer, you may like to make references to other texts or critics as this will add some depth to your analysis.
Please ensure the following before submitting your assignment :
1. Your enrollment number, name and address have been written correctly.
2. The title of the course and assignment number has been written clearly.
3. Each assignment on each course has been written on separate sheets and pinned properly.
4. All the questions in a particular section should be answered before attempting the next
section.
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