Social revolution generally refers to a profound and far-reaching transformation in the structure and functioning of a society, often involving changes in its political, economic, cultural, and social aspects. It implies a fundamental shift in the established norms, values, and institutions of a society, aiming to bring about significant improvements or reforms.

Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, played a crucial role in shaping the post-independence social and economic policies of the country. While Nehru did not initiate a radical social revolution in the sense of overthrowing the existing social order, he did seek to bring about transformative changes through a combination of democratic governance, economic planning, and social welfare measures. His approach was characterized by a commitment to socialism, secularism, and a mixed economy.

Instrumentalities used by Jawaharlal Nehru to realize the goals of a social revolution in India included:

1. Democratic Governance: Nehru adhered to democratic principles and institutions, allowing for political participation and representation. The country adopted a democratic form of government with regular elections, ensuring the voice of the people in decision-making processes.
2. Economic Planning: Nehru implemented a model of economic development known as the mixed economy. It combined elements of socialism and capitalism, with an emphasis on state-led industrialization. The Planning Commission was established to formulate and implement five-year plans for economic development.
3. Land Reforms: Nehru recognized the need for land reforms to address agrarian issues and promote social justice. Various states initiated land redistribution policies to provide land to landless farmers, aiming to reduce social and economic disparities.
4. Educational Reforms: Nehru emphasized the importance of education in building a modern and progressive society. Steps were taken to expand access to education, especially for the underprivileged, and promote scientific and technical education to foster economic development.
5. Secularism: Nehru was a strong advocate of secularism, ensuring that the state did not favor any particular religion. This approach aimed to build a society where people of diverse religious backgrounds could coexist peacefully.
6. Social Welfare Programs: Nehru’s government introduced various social welfare programs to address poverty, unemployment, and improve living standards. These included initiatives in healthcare, housing, and sanitation.

It’s important to note that Nehru’s efforts were not without criticism, and the impact of his policies has been a subject of debate. While significant progress was made in certain areas, challenges and disparities persisted. Additionally, the term “social revolution” might be used in different contexts, and Nehru’s approach was more evolutionary and reform-oriented than revolutionary in the sense of radical upheaval.