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Management Functions and Behaviour
- The role and responsibilities of a manager
- Decision-making processes
- Organizational climate and change
- Organizational structures and processes
- Behavioral dynamics in organizations
IGNOU MS-01 stands for Management Functions and Behaviour, a core course offered in the Master of Business Administration (MBA) and Master of Business Administration (Banking & Finance) programs at Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)
What is MBO? Briefly describe the process of MBO and it’s benefits.
Management by Objectives (MBO) is a strategic management model that aims to improve an organization’s performance by clearly defining objectives that are agreed upon by both management and employees. The concept was introduced by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book, “The Practice of Management.” MBO focuses on setting and achieving specific, measurable goals within a defined timeframe.
- Setting Organizational Objectives: The process begins with the top management defining the overarching goals of the organization. These goals should align with the company’s mission and vision.
- Cascade Objectives Down to Employees: Once the organizational goals are set, they are cascaded down to the individual employees or teams. Each level of management sets objectives that contribute to the higher-level goals, ensuring alignment throughout the organization.
- Participative Decision Making: In the MBO process, objectives are not just handed down from the top; instead, managers and employees collaborate to set objectives. This participatory approach ensures that the goals are realistic, achievable, and have employee buy-in.
- Developing Action Plans: After setting the objectives, detailed action plans are developed. These plans outline the steps necessary to achieve the objectives, the resources required, and the timeline for completion.
- Monitoring and Measuring Progress: Progress towards the objectives is regularly monitored. This involves frequent check-ins, progress reports, and performance reviews. Metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) are used to measure progress.
- Performance Evaluation: At the end of the defined period, performance is evaluated against the set objectives. Successes are recognized, and any shortfalls are analyzed to understand what went wrong and why.
- Feedback and Learning: The final step involves providing feedback to employees and incorporating the lessons learned into future objective-setting processes. This feedback loop ensures continuous improvement and helps in refining the MBO process.
Benefits of MBO
MBO brings clarity to organizational goals and helps employees understand how their roles contribute to the overall objectives. This alignment ensures that everyone is working towards common goals, increasing focus and reducing wasted efforts.
By involving employees in the goal-setting process, MBO increases their engagement and motivation. Employees feel valued and empowered when they have a say in setting their own objectives and can see how their work impacts the organization.
The MBO process necessitates regular communication between managers and employees. This open communication fosters a better understanding of expectations, reduces misunderstandings, and builds stronger working relationships.
With clear objectives and detailed action plans, employees are more likely to perform effectively. MBO provides a structured approach to achieving goals, which can lead to higher productivity and better performance.
MBO encourages accountability by making employees responsible for achieving their specific objectives. This accountability drives individuals to take ownership of their work and strive for better results.
Explain the term ‘Bounded Rationality’. What are the factors leading to bounded rationality and satisficing decisions ? Discuss.
Discuss how the importance of characteristics of managerial ethos helps in maintaining
culture in an organisational set-up ?
What are the various skills a manager requires in an organisational set up. Briefly
describe with suitable examples.
What are the different steps in Decision-making ? Discuss various road blocks and
ways to overcome these barriers for effective managerial decision-making. Explain
with examples
How does conflict impact the functioning of individuals, groups and organisations.
Briefly explain with examples.
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Identify the formal and informal organisations ? Discuss the bases for differentiation
of tasks and activities within an organisation ? Explain with suitable examples.
Discuss the relevance of MBO in the present day context of organisations.
Briefly discuss and describe the process of organisational change as per Kurt Lewin.
Explain the factors for resistance to change and the strategies to be used for implementing
change.
Describe the process of conflict and discuss the impact of conflict in organizations. Give
examples.
Briefly discuss the determinants of interpersonal behaviour and explain how to develop the
skill for having an effective interpersonal relationship.
What is the core problem in the case ? Explain.
Explain Joshi’s behaviour and work experience vis-a-vis the psychologist’s report.
How do you see Kapil’s suggestion to Seth ? Give reasons.
What are Seth’s considerations in taking a decision ? What should he do ? Explain
Enumerate various leadership styles, discuss any two of these, and their significance in the present day context of globalisation. Explain with example.
How do Traditional , Behavioural and Interactionist views explain the process of conflict ?
Evaluate the changes which take place within and between the groups as a result of
long – standing inter – group conflict.